Are Dual-Phase F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-mpMRI Diagnostic Performances to Distinguish Brain Tumour Radionecrosis/Recurrence after Cranial Radiotherapy Usable in Routine?

Brain metastases or primary brain tumours had poor prognosis until the use of high dose radiotherapy. However, radionecrosis is a complex challenge in the post-radiotherapy management of these patients due to the difficulty of distinguishing this complication from local tumour recurrence. MRI alone has a variable specificity and sensibility, as does PET-CT imaging.

Implementation of xSPECT, xSPECT bone and Broadquant from literature, clinical survey and innovative phantom study with task-based image quality assessment.

Objective: From patient and phantom studies, we aimed to highlight an original implementation process and share a two-years experience clinical feedback on xSPECT (xS), xSPECT Bone (xB) and Broadquant quantification (Siemens) for Tc-bone and Lu-NET (neuroendocrine tumors) imaging.

Methods: Firstly, we checked the relevance of implemented protocols and Broadquant module on the basis of literature and with a homogeneous phantom study respectively. Then, we described xS and xB behaviours with reconstruction parameters (10i-0mm to 40i-20mm) and optimized the protocols through a blinded survey (7 physicians).

Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate periodization in trained male triathletes.

Purpose: Carbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low (SL-TL) diet-exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may enhance endurance-training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined SL-TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown.

Methods: Twenty-three endurance-trained males were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7, CON), SL-TL (n = 8, SL ) or SL-TL + heat stress (n = 8, SL ) groups and prescribed identical 2-week cycling training interventions.

Acute heat stress amplifies exercise-induced metabolomic perturbations and reveals variation in circulating amino acids in endurance-trained males.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Whole-body substrate utilisation is altered during exercise in hot environments, characterised by increased glycolytic metabolism: does heat stress alter the serum metabolome in response to high intensity exercise? What are the main finding and its importance? Alongside increases in glycolytic metabolite abundance, circulating amino acid concentrations are reduced following exercise under heat stress. Prior research has overlooked the impact of heat stress on protein metabolism during exercise, raising important practical implications for protein intake recommendations in the heat.

Abstract: Using untargeted metabolomics, we aimed to characterise the systemic impact of environmental heat stress during exercise.

Pulmonary cavitations with increased 18F-FDG uptake revealing a thoracic endometriosis: A case report.

Rationale: Thoracic endometriosis is a rare disorder that can involve airways, pleura and lung parenchyma. It is the most frequent form of extra-abdominopelvic endometriosis. Multiple lung cavitations are a rare feature of thoracic endometriosis.

Superiority of NaF PET/CT Over Chest CT in a Case of Osteosarcoma.

We report the case of a 21-year-old man referred to our institution for the initial staging of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the right femur. An 18F-NaF PET/CT demonstrated millimetric pleuroparenchymal metastases, later confirmed on follow-up. These lesions were not reported on both dedicated chest CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

We report the case of a 64-year-old man referred for optic ataxia, constructional apraxia, and spatial orientation disorders evolving for 2 months. Benson syndrome (posterior cortical atrophy) was initially suspected. Brain F-FDG PET/CT depicted an asymmetric decreased uptake pattern consistent with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Added value of 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography in presurgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands after dual tracer subtraction scintigraphy failure: A retrospective study of 47 patients.

Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. The precise localization of causal parathyroid gland is crucial to guide surgical treatment. Several studies report the added value of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) as second line imaging but rely on suboptimal first-line imaging using 99mTc-sestaMIBI dual phase scintigraphy.

A no-reference respiratory blur estimation index in nuclear medicine for image quality assessment.

Few indexes are available for nuclear medicine image quality assessment, particularly for respiratory blur assessment. A variety of methods for the identification of blur parameters has been proposed in literature mostly for photographic pictures but these methods suffer from a high sensitivity to noise, making them unsuitable to evaluate nuclear medicine images. In this paper, we aim to calibrate and test a new blur index to assess image quality.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Oral Cuniculatum Carcinoma.

A 69-year-old woman was referred for initial staging of an oral cavity mass. F-FDG PET/CT displayed a homogeneous intense uptake of the 50-mm left hemipalatal mass with local extension to the dental arcade and maxillary sinus. Infracentimetric bilateral cervical nodes with faint uptake were also detected, contrasting with the usual presentation of other head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Incremental Value of 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in the Localization of Double Parathyroid Adenomas.

A 73-year-old man displaying primary hyperparathyroidism with severe hypercalcemia (Ca: 4.1 mmol/l, PTH > 600 pmol/l) was referred for preoperative localization of a parathyroid adenoma. Tc-pertechnetate and Tc-sestaMIBI dual tracer scintigraphy displayed a mild focal uptake in the projection of the right thyroid lobe with negative ultrasonography.

Incidental Detection of Oxyphilic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT.

A 70-year-old man with prostate cancer and increased prostate-specific antigen level of 55 ng/mL underwent staging F-fluorocholine PET/CT, which demonstrated the primary prostate tumor and a focal area corresponding to a 2-cm hypodense nodule in the left thyroid lobe. Fine-needle aspiration and subsequent total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection showed an oxyphilic papillary thyroid carcinoma and a medullary microcarcinoma. Oxyphilic tumors represent a significant proportion of the few case reports of incidental focal thyroid fluorocholine thyroid uptake.