Neoantigen-specific CD4 T cells in human melanoma have diverse differentiation states and correlate with CD8 T cell, macrophage, and B cell function.

CD4 T cells that recognize tumor antigens are required for immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in murine models, but their contributions in human cancer are unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor sequences to identify signatures and functional correlates of tumor-specific CD4 T cells infiltrating human melanoma. Conventional CD4 T cells that recognize tumor neoantigens express CXCL13 and are subdivided into clusters expressing memory and T follicular helper markers, and those expressing cytolytic markers, inhibitory receptors, and IFN-γ.

Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing in Treating Co-occurring Psychosis and Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A wealth of evidence has supported the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) in reducing substance use as well as other addictive behaviors. In view of the common co-occurrence of substance use disorder among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there has been increased attention to applying MI in psychological interventions for individuals with co-occurring psychosis and substance use disorder. This review aims to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of MI interventions (either as a stand-alone intervention or in combination with other psychological interventions) in reducing substance use and psychotic symptoms.

Sustained infection accelerates gastric dysplasia in a mouse model.

More than 80% of gastric cancer is attributable to stomach infection with (). Gastric preneoplastic progression involves sequential tissue changes, including loss of parietal cells, metaplasia and dysplasia. In transgenic mice, active KRAS expression recapitulates these tissue changes in the absence of infection.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody direct activation of macrophages contributes to a radiation-induced abscopal response in glioblastoma.

Background: Most glioblastomas recur near prior radiation treatment sites. Future clinical success will require achieving and optimizing an "abscopal effect," whereby unirradiated neoplastic cells outside treatment sites are recognized and attacked by the immune system. Radiation combined with anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrated modest efficacy in phase II human glioblastoma clinical trials, but the mechanism and relevance of the abscopal effect during this response remain unknown.

Cognitive-behavioral group program for Chinese heterosexual HIV-infected men in Hong Kong.

This study explored the effects of cognitive-behavioral program (CBP) using a wait-list control group in 16 Chinese heterosexual HIV-infected men. Participants in the treatment condition underwent a 7-week group based CBP, which addressed various HIV-related issues. Relevant cognitive and behavioral strategies were taught as well.