Profile, effects, and toxicity of novel psychoactive substances: A systematic review of quantitative studies.

Objective: To investigate the profile, effects, and toxicity of novel psychoactive substances (NPS).

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted between May 2015 and February 2016 and included 19 databases. Search terms included "novel psychoactive substance(s)," "effect(s)," and "toxicity" and their synonyms.

The effects and toxicity of cathinones from the users' perspectives: A qualitative study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the users' perspectives regarding the effects and toxicity of cathinones.

Methods: A systematic search of Internet discussion forums yielded 303 threads relevant to the research objectives. The threads were analysed by conventional content analysis where concepts were developed from codes and themes.

Environmental forensics: an emerging discipline within UK higher education?

Environmental forensics is an established discipline in North America, but has yet to make an impact within Europe and more specifically within the UK. In this paper we explore the reasons for this and explore the nature and fundamental philosophy that underlies this discipline. Case studies can be used to explore the complexity that can be associated with an environmental forensic investigation and we argue that there is a demand for professionals with skills in forensic practice within the environmental sector today.