The airway fungal microbiome in asthma.

Background: Fungal involvement in asthma is associated with severe disease. The full spectrum of fungal species in asthma is not well described and is derived largely from insensitive culture techniques.

Objectives: To use high-throughput sequencing to describe the airway mycobiota in asthmatics with and without fungal sensitization and healthy controls; to compare samples representing different airway compartments; to determine whether the mycobiota was influenced by the fungal composition of outdoor air; and to compare findings with clinically relevant outcomes.

A novel allele of ASY3 is associated with greater meiotic stability in autotetraploid Arabidopsis lyrata.

In this study we performed a genotype-phenotype association analysis of meiotic stability in 10 autotetraploid Arabidopsis lyrata and A. lyrata/A. arenosa hybrid populations collected from the Wachau region and East Austrian Forealps.

Effects of exposing shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) to aquaculture pesticides at field relevant concentrations, with and without food limitation.

Anti-parasitic drugs used in the aquaculture industry are discharged to the sea after treatment of salmon. In this study, the effects of azamethiphos (AZA) in the Salmosan® formulation and deltamethrin (DEL) in the Alpha Max® formulation, have been assessed in Northern shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) when administered both separately and in combination. The exposure concentrations were 100 ng/L for AZA and 2 ng/L for DEL, each representing a 1000-fold dilution of the prescribed concentrations for salmon.

Interspecific introgression mediates adaptation to whole genome duplication.

Adaptive gene flow is a consequential phenomenon across all kingdoms. Although recognition is increasing, there is no study showing that bidirectional gene flow mediates adaptation at loci that manage core processes. We previously discovered concerted molecular changes among interacting members of the meiotic machinery controlling crossover number upon adaptation to whole-genome duplication (WGD) in Arabidopsis arenosa.

Early life stages of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are sensitive to fish feed containing the anti-parasitic drug diflubenzuron.

Increasing use of fish feed containing the chitin synthesis inhibiting anti-parasitic drug diflubenzuron (DFB) in salmon aquaculture has raised concerns over its impact on coastal ecosystems. Larvae of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were exposed to DFB medicated feed under Control conditions (7.0 °C, pH 8.

Flow-mediated plasticity in the expression of stickleback nesting glue genes.

Nest construction is an essential component of the reproductive behavior of many species, and attributes of nests - including their location and structure - have implications for both their functional capacity as incubators for developing offspring, and their attractiveness to potential mates. To maximize reproductive success, nests must therefore be suited to local environmental conditions. Male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) build nests from collected materials and use an endogenous, glue-like multimeric protein - "spiggin" - as an adhesive.

Differential gene expression during the moult cycle of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

Background: All crustaceans periodically moult to renew their exoskeleton. In krill this involves partial digestion and resorption of the old exoskeleton and synthesis of new cuticle. Molecular events that underlie the moult cycle are poorly understood in calcifying crustaceans and even less so in non-calcifying organisms such as krill.

Differential gene expression during smoltification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): a first large-scale microarray study.

The life cycle of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) involves a period of 1 to 3 years in freshwater followed by migration to the sea where the salmon undergoes rapid growth. In preparation for the marine environment, while still in freshwater, the salmon undergo a transformation from a freshwater dwelling parr to a saltwater adapted smolt, a process known as smoltification. The Atlantic salmon Transcriptome Analysis of Important Traits of Salmon/Salmon Genome Project (TRAITS/SGP) cDNA microarray was used to investigate how gene expression alters during smoltification.

Variable leucine-rich repeats of tomato disease resistance genes Cf-2 and Cf-5 determine specificity.

SUMMARY The tomato Cf-2 and Cf-5 genes confer race specific resistance to infection by the leaf mould pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. The encoded proteins induce a defence response upon recognition of the fungal Avr2 and Avr5 determinants, respectively. Each resistance protein is comprised largely of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and the specificity of recognition is thought to occur through a particular domain.