Spine Growth Modulation in Early Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Two-Year Results of Prospective US FDA IDE Pilot Clinical Safety Study of Titanium Clip-Screw Implant.

Study Design: Prospective pilot clinical safety study of novel treatment, consecutive case series from first human use in patients with early adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Objective: The primary purpose was to determine the initial safety of a titanium clip-screw implant system for spine growth modulation. The secondary aim was to document curvatures to 2 years postoperatively.

Anesthetic considerations for pediatric obesity and adolescent bariatric surgery.

Purpose Of Review: Pediatric obesity has become commonplace in our clinical practice, and presents anesthesia providers with numerous challenges. This study provides an up-to-date review of their perioperative care, including the measurement of pediatric obesity, rational drug dosing in obese children, and recent data on bariatric outcomes in adolescents.

Recent Findings: Pediatric obesity is associated with a number of relevant comorbidities that impact anesthesia care, and specific children are at particularly high risk.

The development of pediatric anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital: an interview with Dr. Theodore Striker.

Dr. Theodore W. 'Ted' Striker (1936-), Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics at the University of Cincinnati, has played a pioneering role in the development of pediatric anesthesiology in the United States.

Medullary thyroid cancer in a 9-week-old infant with familial MEN 2B: Implications for timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy.

Background: Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) are at high risk of developing aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in childhood, with the highest risk in those with MEN type 2B (of whom >95% have an M918T RET proto-oncogene mutation). Metastatic MTC has been reported as young as 3 months of age. Current guidelines recommend prophylactic thyroidectomy within the first year of life for MEN 2B.

Competency and professionalism in medicine.

Background: In this article some definitions of competency and professionalism will be discussed, and an overview of existing methods that assess competency and professionalism in anaesthesia resident doctors (residents) is provided. In addition, we will discuss how progression to professionalism, education in anaesthesiology and other medical specialties may be improved using the adult skill acquisition model. The goal of this paper is to refine the definitions of professionalism and competency, and to propose a new approach to medical education.

Insufflation vs intubation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children.

Objectives: We compared adverse airway events during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in children managed with insufflation vs intubation.

Background: Optimum airway management during EGD in children remains undecided.

Methods/materials: Following IRB approval and written informed parental consent, children between 1 and 12 years of age presenting for EGD were randomized to airway management with insufflation (Group I), intubation/awake extubation (Group A), or intubation/deep extubation (Group D).

Quality of recovery from two types of general anesthesia for ambulatory dental surgery in children: a double-blind, randomized trial.

Background: Pediatric dental procedures are increasingly performed under general anesthesia because of the inability to cooperate, situational anxiety, or other behavioral problems. Volatile anesthetics have been associated with emergence delirium in children, whereas the use of propofol for anesthetic maintenance has been shown to reduce the incidence of emergence delirium after other types of surgeries. The aim of this study is to compare a sevoflurane-based anesthetic with a propofol-based technique as it relates to the incidence of emergence delirium and the quality of recovery after pediatric dental surgery, in patients who present with risk factors for perioperative behavioral issues.

Anesthetic management of patients with tracheal T-tubes.

Aims: To better inform the preoperative anesthesia assessment, we review the rationale of tracheal T-tubes and the maintenance they require. We then describe specific intraoperative techniques to administer inhalational agents and maintain respiration in patients with tracheal T-tubes.

Background: Tracheal T-tubes maintain airway patency in the healing phases of laryngotracheal reconstruction or in the setting of extrinsic or intrinsic airway collapse.