Study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study).

Background: Treatment Resistant Bipolar Depression (TRBD) is a major contributor to the burden of disease associated with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Treatment options for people experiencing bipolar depression are limited to three interventions listed by National Institute for Health and Care: lamotrigine, quetiapine and olanzapine, of which the latter two are often not well tolerated. The majority of depressed people with BD are therefore prescribed antidepressants despite limited efficacy.

Modifiable risk factors for scald injury in children under 5 years of age: A Multi-centre Case-Control Study.

Objective: To determine the relationship between a range of modifiable risk factors and medically attended scalds in children under the age of 5 years.

Methods: Multicentre matched case-control study in acute hospitals, minor injury units and GP practices in four study centres in England. Cases comprised 338 children under 5 presenting with a scald, and 1438 control participants matched on age, gender, date of event and study centre.

Prevalence of alcohol related attendance at an inner city emergency department and its impact: a dual prospective and retrospective cohort study.

Background: Alcohol related hospital attendances are a potentially avoidable burden on emergency departments (EDs). Understanding the number and type of patients attending EDs with alcohol intoxication is important in estimating the workload and cost implications. We used best practice from previous studies to establish the prevalence of adult alcohol related ED attendances and estimate the costs of clinical management and subsequent health service use.

Recruitment and retention strategies and the examination of attrition bias in a randomised controlled trial in children's centres serving families in disadvantaged areas of England.

Background: Failure to retain participants in randomised controlled trials and longitudinal studies can cause significant methodological problems. We report the recruitment and retention strategies of a randomised controlled trial to promote fire-related injury prevention in families with pre-school children attending children's centres in disadvantaged areas in England.

Methods: Thirty-six children's centres were cluster randomised into one of three arms of a 12-month fire-related injury prevention trial.

Preventing childhood scalds within the home: Overview of systematic reviews and a systematic review of primary studies.

Objective: To synthesise and evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent scalds in children.

Methods: An overview of systematic reviews (SR) and a SR of primary studies were performed evaluating interventions to prevent scalds in children. A comprehensive literature search was conducted covering various resources up to October 2012.

Risk and protective factors for falls from furniture in young children: multicenter case-control study.

Importance: Falls from furniture are common in young children but there is little evidence on protective factors for these falls.

Objective: To estimate associations for risk and protective factors for falls from furniture in children aged 0 to 4 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter case-control study at hospitals, minor injury units, and general practices in and around 4 UK study centers.

Validation of a home safety questionnaire used in a series of case-control studies.

Objective: To measure the validity of safety behaviours, safety equipment use and hazards reported on a questionnaire by parents/carers with children aged under 5 years participating in a series of home safety case-control studies.

Methods: The questionnaire measured safety behaviours, safety equipment use and hazards being used as exposures in five case-control studies. Responses to questions were compared with observations made during a home visit.

Emergency physicians' opinions on the use of intravenous fluids to treat patients intoxicated with ethanol (alcohol): attitudes of emergency medicine physicians in the North East of England toward the use of intravenous fluids to treat individuals intoxicated with ethanol (alcohol) attending the emergency department compared with the scientific evidence.

Objectives: There is an apparent conflict between published evidence and UK emergency medicine (EM) physician practice with regard to the use of intravenous fluids to treat patients intoxicated with alcohol. We conducted a survey of all EM physicians in North East (NE) England to determine opinion with regard to this therapy, and compared this with the available evidence for its benefit.

Methods: We identified 136 EM consultants and trainees in NE England.