Outcomes of cranial repair after craniectomy.

Object: Hemicraniectomy is a commonly practiced neurosurgical intervention with a wide range of indications and clinical data supporting its use. The extensive use of this procedure directly results in more cranioplasties to repair skull defects. The complication rate for cranial repair after craniectomy seems to be higher than that of the typical elective craniotomy.

Determination of hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) after reaction with potassium iodate.

A widely used method for analyzing hydrolyzable tannins afer reaction with KIO(3) has been modified to include a methanolysis step followed by oxidation with KIO(3). In the new method, hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) are reacted at 85 degrees C for 20 h in methanol/sulfuric acid to quantitatively release methyl gallate. Dried plant samples can be methanolyzed under the same conditions to convert hydrolyzable tannins to methyl gallate.

High Molecular Weight Plant Polyphenolics (Tannins) as Biological Antioxidants.

Representative condensed and hydrolyzable tannins and related simple phenolics were evaluated as biological antioxidants using cyclic voltammetry, the metmyoglobin assay, and the deoxyribose assay. The redox potentials of the tannins were similar to those of structurally related simple phenolics. However, the tannins were 15-30 times more effective at quenching peroxyl radicals than simple phenolics or Trolox.