Stormwater retention performance of tree integrated infiltration trenches designed for suburban streetscapes.

The volume of stormwater generated by streetscapes in cities is a primary driver of urban stream degradation. Large infiltration trenches can be integrated into streetscapes to potentially retain large volumes of runoff and increase growth rates of nearby trees. To test this, a field study was conducted where three structural soil infiltration trenches receiving runoff (12 m long, 0.

Water use strategy determines the effectiveness of internal water storage for trees growing in biofilters subject to repeated droughts.

Impervious surfaces create large volumes of stormwater which degrades receiving waterways. Incorporating trees into biofilters can increase evapotranspiration and therefore reduce stormwater runoff. Tree species with i) high water use, ii) drought tolerance and iii) rapid and full recovery after drought have been suggested for biofilters to maximise runoff reduction while minimising drought stress.

Pattern analysis of vegan eating reveals healthy and unhealthy patterns within the vegan diet.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the types of foods that constitute a vegan diet and establish patterns within the diet. Dietary pattern analysis, a key instrument for exploring the correlation between health and disease, was used to identify patterns within the vegan diet.

Design: A modified version of the EPIC-Norfolk FFQ was created and validated to include vegan foods and launched on social media.

Relating the climate envelopes of urban tree species to their drought and thermal tolerance.

Analysing the climate envelope of plant species has been suggested as a tool to predict the vulnerability of tree species in future urban climates. However, there is little evidence that the climate envelope of a plant species directly relates to the drought and thermal tolerance of that species, at least not at the resolution required to identify or rank species vulnerability. Here, we attempted to predict drought and thermal tolerance of commonly used urban tree species using climate variables derived exclusively from open-source global occurrence data.

Two cases of penetrating left ventricular cardiac trauma: Pre-hospital ultrasound and direct to theatre.

Left ventricular (LV) Cardiac penetrating trauma is a rare and grave injury. In cases of penetrating cardiac trauma, pre-hospital Ultrasound by flight doctors can assist identify specific pathology. This pre-hospital triage has now been linked to a change in both pre-hospital and in-hospital management.

Geographic variation of dental utilization among low income children.

Spatial accessibility of dental care is mediated by dentist workforce availability and travel costs. In this study, we generated dental service areas through small area analysis of Medicaid administrative data and claims. Service areas were then used to assess dimensions of spatial accessibility, including dentist-to-population ratios, and examine relationships in geographic variation of routine dental care among Medicaid-enrolled children.

Epidemiology and spatial examination of bicycle-motor vehicle crashes in Iowa, 2001-2011.

Purpose: To identify how person, crash, environment, and population characteristics differ between bicycle-motor vehicle crashes that occur at intersections and non-intersections.

Methods: The Iowa Department of Transportation crash database for the years 2001 through 2011 was used to identify bicycle-motor vehicle (BMV) crashes and associated person, crash, and environment characteristics. Population-level data were drawn from the 2010 U.

Geographic accessibility and utilization of orthodontic services among Medicaid children and adolescents.

Objectives: To describe rates of Medicaid-funded services provided by orthodontists in Iowa to children and adolescents, identify factors associated with utilization, and describe geographic barriers to care.

Methods: We analyzed enrollment and claims data from the Iowa Medicaid program for a 3-year period, January 2008 through December 2010. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with utilization of orthodontic services as the main outcome variable.

Bias caused by self-reporting distraction and its impact on crash estimates.

Over the last decade, driver distractions, such as cell phone use and texting, have become a significant contributor to roadway crashes. Some states now have legislation that severely restricts or bans driver activities deemed distracting. However, many policies and engineered countermeasures are based on self-reported crash data.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography: a sample of experience at a District General Hospital.

Purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) has a significant associated morbidity and mortality. The role of diagnostic imaging in PE is being increasingly undertaken by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). An advantage of CTPA is its ability to simultaneously provide information on the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, pleural spaces, and chest wall.