Topic: Returns to education in Ghana: The role of education of one's father.

The study examines the role of education of father on returns to schooling in Ghana. The data used for the analysis is the Ghana Living Standards Survey Seven (GLSS 7). Spouse education is used as an instrument in our estimation.

Formula modifications to the Crohn's disease exclusion diet do not impact therapy success in paediatric Crohn's disease.

Objectives: The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) + partial enteral nutrition (PEN) is an emerging diet used to induce clinical remission in children with active Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission in an Australian group of children with active CD using different PEN formulas and incorporating patient dietary requirements.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from children (both newly diagnosed and with existing CD while on therapy) with active CD (Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [PCDAI] ≥10) and biochemical evidence of active disease (elevated C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or faecal calprotectin [FC]) who completed at least phase 1 (6 weeks) of the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission.

The mediating effect of going concern and corporate reporting in the relationship between corporate governance and investor confidence in financial institutions.

This study investigates the mediating role of going concern and corporate reporting on the relationship between corporate governance and investor confidence in financial institutions. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 3 to analyze the data. The data for the study was collected from financial statements of selected commercial banks in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa.

Paediatric Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumours, A Single Centre Experience.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) are rare soft tissue tumours. Reports of gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas tumours are limited. The objective of this study is to identify presenting features, contributing prognostic / etiological factors and any variability in outcomes in the context of different historical treatments.

Will we ever wash our hands of lubrication theory?

Lubrication theory is used to investigate how weakly bound particles can be transported away from the vicinity of the wall when two spatially periodic rough surfaces are sheared relative to one another at constant velocity while immersed in fluid. The aim is to model what could be an important process during decontamination of hands by washing and is motivated by Mittal ["The flow physics of COVID-19," J. Fluid Mech.

Multichannel impedance monitoring for distinguishing nonerosive reflux esophagitis with minor changes on endoscopy in children.

Objectives: There are reports describing the relationship between baseline impedance level and esophageal mucosal integrity at endoscopy, such as erosive and nonerosive reflux esophagitis. However, many children with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease have normal findings or minor changes on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We aimed to examine whether modest changes at esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be evaluated and correlated with esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring.

Intestinal stem cells promote crypt fission during postnatal growth of the small intestine.

Objective: Wnt-β-catenin signalling is essential for intestinal stem cells. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between intestinal stem cells and crypt fission which peaks during infancy.

Design: Duodenal biopsies were obtained during endoscopy to assess the severity of reflux oesophagitis of 15 infants, children and teenagers, which would not affect the duodenum.

Characterization of Upper Gastrointestinal Motility in Infants With Persistent Distress and Non-IgE-mediated Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Background: Persistent crying in infancy is common and may be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and/or non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). We aimed to document upper gastrointestinal motility events in infants with CMPA and compare these to findings in infants with functional GERD.

Methods: Infants aged 2 to 26 weeks with persistent crying, GERD symptoms and possible CMPA were included.

Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation: The role of coil type from distinct manufacturers.

Background: Stimulating the cerebellum with transcranial magnetic stimulation is often perceived as uncomfortable. No study has systematically tested which coil design can effectively trigger a cerebellar response with the least discomfort.

Objective: To determine the relationship between perceived discomfort and effectiveness of cerebellar stimulation using different coils: MagStim (70 mm, 110 mm-coated, 110-uncoated), MagVenture and Deymed.

High-resolution esophageal manometry in pediatrics: Effect of esophageal length on diagnostic measures.

Background: High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM), derived esophageal pressure topography metrics (EPT), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), and distal latency (DL) are influenced by age and size. Combined pressure and intraluminal impedance also allow derivation of metrics that define distension pressure and bolus flow timing. We prospectively investigated the effects of esophageal length on these metrics to determine whether adjustment strategies are required for children.

Six new species and one new subspecies of noctuid moths from western United States of America and Mexico (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

Six new species and one new subspecies of Noctuidae are described from western United States of America and Baja California, Mexico: Crabo & Hammond, (Cuculliinae), Crabo & Wikle, , Wikle & Crabo, , Mustelin, (Amphipyrinae), Crabo, (Oncocnemidinae), Crabo & Mustelin, , and Wikle & Crabo, (Noctuinae). The adults and genitalia of these species are described, illustrated, and compared to similar related moths. The larvae of the species group, unknown previously, are reported to feed on several species of Ell.

Phenological responses of 215 moth species to interannual climate variation in the Pacific Northwest from 1895 through 2013.

Climate change has caused shifts in the phenology and distributions of many species but comparing responses across species is challenged by inconsistencies in the methodology and taxonomic and temporal scope of individual studies. Natural history collections offer a rich source of data for examining phenological shifts for a large number of species. We paired specimen records from Pacific Northwest insect collections to climate data to analyze the responses of 215 moth species to interannual climate variation over a period of 119 years (1895-2013) during which average annual temperatures have increased in the region.

Effect of donepezil on transcranial magnetic stimulation parameters in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: There is a need for a reliable, noninvasive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed whether short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), a transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm that assesses cholinergic circuits of the brain, could become such a biomarker.

Methods: Nineteen patients with AD underwent four SAI testing sessions.

TMS of primary motor cortex with a biphasic pulse activates two independent sets of excitable neurones.

Background: Biphasic pulses produced by most commercially available TMS machines have a cosine waveform, which makes it difficult to study the interaction between the two phases of stimulation.

Objective: We used a controllable pulse TMS (cTMS) device delivering quasi-rectangular pulse outputs to investigate whether monophasic are more effective than biphasic pulses.

Methods: Temporally symmetric ("biphasic") or highly asymmetric ("monophasic") charge-balanced biphasic stimuli were used to target the hand area of motor cortex in the anterior-posterior (AP) or posterior-anterior (PA) initial current direction.

Pemphigus Vulgaris and Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a 13-Year-Old Boy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

This case report presents a 13-year-old boy referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, with a 5-week history of severe oral ulcerations and significant weight loss of unknown origin. The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris was made after histologic and immunofluorescent examination of an intraoral deep incisional biopsy, with eosinophilic esophagitis also diagnosed during the initial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The association between pemphigus vulgaris and eosinophilic esophagitis in this case, although previously unreported, is explicable on the basis of dysregulation of desmoglein 1 (DSG1).

Plant diversity enhances moth diversity in an intensive forest management experiment.

Intensive forest management (IFM) promises to help satisfy increasing global demand for wood but may come at the cost of local reductions to forest biodiversity. IFM often reduces early seral plant diversity as a result of efforts to eliminate plant competition with crop trees. If diversity is a function of bottom-up drivers, theory predicts that specialists at lower trophic levels (e.

Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenée (Noctuidae).

Several taxonomic issues in the moth families Erebidae and Noctuidae are addressed for Northwestern North America. Drasteria parallelaCrabo & Mustelin andCycnia oregonensis tristisCrabo in the Erebidae and Eudryas brevipennis bonneville Shepard & Crabo, Resapamea diluvius Crabo, Resapamea angelika Crabo, Resapamea mammuthus Crabo, Fishia nigrescens Hammond & Crabo, and Xestia perquiritata orcaCrabo & Hammond in the Noctuidae are described as new. The following new synonyms are proposed: Chytolita petrealis Grote with Herminea morbidalis Guenée; Gortyna columbia Barnes & Benjamin and Gortyna ximena Barnes & Benjamin with Gortyna obliqua Harvey; and Hydroecia pallescens Smith with Hydroecia medialis Smith.

4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT): genetic and pharmacological evidence for an involvement in gastro esophageal reflux disease.

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is partly caused by genetic factors. The underlying susceptibility genes are currently unknown, with the exception of COL3A1. We used three independent GERD patient cohorts to identify GERD susceptibility genes.

Spontaneous imbibition of surfactant solution into an oil-wet capillary: wettability restoration by surfactant-contaminant complexation.

For a given type of rock, the effectiveness of oil recovery through wettability alteration is highly dependent upon the nature of the water-soluble surfactant used. Different mechanisms have been proposed by others to explain wettability alteration by surfactants, and understanding the process is crucial to improve recovery performance. Known mechanisms include (1) surfactant adsorption onto the oil-wet solid surface (coating mechanism) and (2) surfactant molecules complexing with contaminant molecules from the crude oil which are adsorbed on the rock surface so as to strip them off (cleaning mechanism).

How best to measure change in evaluations of treatment for substance use disorder.

Aims: To compare the performance of the Jacobson & Truax (JT) reliable change index (RCI) with three alternative methods, using data from individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorders.

Design: English National Treatment Outcome Monitoring Database for publicly funded specialist community pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.

Participants: New adult admissions to treatment across England (1 January-31 December 2008), with in-treatment clinic progress review conducted after an average of 122.

Forced and spontaneous imbibition of surfactant solution into an oil-wet capillary: the effects of surfactant diffusion ahead of the advancing meniscus.

A previous paper (Hammond, P.; Unsal, E. Langmuir 2009, 25, 12591-12603) reported a simplified model for the flow of a surfactant solution into an oil-wet capillary.

Effectiveness of community treatments for heroin and crack cocaine addiction in England: a prospective, in-treatment cohort study.

Background: Addiction to heroin and crack cocaine is debilitating and persistent, but such disorders are treatable. We present the first effectiveness study of the main community interventions for addiction to heroin and crack cocaine in England, using data from the National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS).

Methods: The study cohort consisted of all adults with a heroin or crack cocaine addiction, or both, who started pharmacological treatment (n=18 428 patients) or psychosocial treatment (n=2647) between Jan 1 and Nov 30, 2008, received at least 6 months' treatment or were discharged by the study endpoint (May 31, 2009), and had outcome data submitted to the NDTMS.