Selection of Honey Bee () Genotypes for Three Generations of Low and High Population Growth of the Mite .

Honey bee () population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, , which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to , which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in approx.

Cell-Free Extracts of the Ginseng Soil Bacterium Promote Suppression of Resistance of American Ginseng () to Root Rot Caused by .

A prior report showed that soil previously planted with American ginseng () contained compound(s) which could reduce ginseng resistance to root infection by , and this was not found in extracts from ginseng roots or soils not previously planted with ginseng. However, the origin of this ginseng-related factor in ginseng soils is unknown. An isolate of obtained from soil where had been harvested grew more in culture media when ginseng root extract was included, indicating the use of compounds in the extract as nutrients.

Double-Wing Motif Protein is a Novel Biofilm Regulatory Factor of the Plant Disease Biocontrol Agent, .

Transposon mutagenesis screening of YB-1471, a novel rhizosphere biocontrol agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat, resulted in the identification of , linked to reduced biofilm formation. The gene encodes a protein possessing a putative tertiary structure of a "double-wing" DNA-binding domain. Expression of increased during biofilm development in stationary cultures and during rapid growth in shaking cultures.

H NMR Profiling of Honey Bee Brains across Varying Ages and Seasons.

Honey bees () provide a useful model for studying aging because of the differences in longevity between the relatively short-lived summer and long-lived winter bees, as well as bees lacking signs of cognitive senescence as they age. Bee brains were dissected from newly emerged, 14-day-, and 28-day- old bees in mid- and late summer, as well as brood nest bees in fall, winter, and spring, before, during, and after overwintering, respectively. Brains were examined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze their metabolome.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Variation of Cultivated .

American ginseng ) is widely used due to its medicinal properties. Ontario is a major producer of cultivated American ginseng, where seeds were originally collected from the wild without any subsequent scientific selection, and thus the crop is potentially very diverse. A collection of 162 American ginseng plants was harvested from a small area in a commercial garden and phenotyped for morphological traits, such as root grade, stem length, and fresh and dry weights of roots, leaves, stems, and seeds.

Business forecasting methods: Impressive advances, lagging implementation.

Reliable forecasts are key to decisions in areas ranging from supply chain management to capacity planning in service industries. It is encouraging then that recent decades have seen dramatic advances in forecasting methods which have the potential to significantly increase forecast accuracy and improve operational and financial performance. However, despite their benefits, we have evidence that many organizations have failed to take up systematic forecasting methods.

Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidases known as RBOHs in plants, play a key role in plant development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone signaling, and reproduction. Among the subfamily of receptor-like kinases referred to as CrRLK, there is FERONIA (FER), a regulator of RBOHs, and FER requires a GPI-modified membrane protein produced by LORELEI (LRE) or LORELEI-like proteins (LLG) to reach the plasma membrane and generate ROS. In Arabidopsis, AtLLG1 is involved in interactions with microbes as AtLLG1 interacts with the flagellin receptor (FLS2) to trigger the innate immune response, but the role of LLGs in mutualistic interactions has not been examined.

Genetic variability of the honey bee mite, Varroa destructor, from a humid continental climatic region of Canada, and temperate and tropical climatic regions of Mexico.

Varroa destructor is a damaging mite of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Genetic variability of the mite in different regions of the world could be related to the movement of infested bees or other factors, such as climate. In this study, V.

Effect of Soil and Root Extracts on the Innate Immune Response of American Ginseng () to Root Rot Caused by .

shows much higher mortality to root rot when grown in soil previously planted with ginseng than in soil not previously planted with ginseng, which is known as ginseng replant disease. Treatment of ginseng roots with methanol extracts of previous ginseng soils significantly increased root lesion sizes due to compared to roots treated with water or methanol extracts of ginseng roots or non-ginseng soils. Inoculation of water-treated roots with increased expression of a basic chitinase 1 gene (), neutral pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene () and pathogenesis-related protein 10-2 gene (), which are related to jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) or necrotrophic infection, and also increased expression of an acidic β-1-3-glucanase gene (), which is related to salicylic acid (SA).

Isolation and Genome-Based Characterization of Biocontrol Potential of YB-1631 against Wheat Crown Rot Caused by .

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases of wheat. Among 58 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of winter wheat seedlings, strain YB-1631 was found to have the highest in vitro antagonism to growth. LB cell-free culture filtrates inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of by 84.

Effect of natural weed and Siratro cover crop on soil fungal diversity in a banana cropping system in southwestern China.

Introduction: Natural weed cover and a legume cover crop were examined to determine if they could impact soil fungal diversity as an indicator of soil quality in banana production.

Methods: Banana in Yunnan Province, China, was grown under three treatments: conventional tillage (bare soil), natural weed cover (primarily goosegrass ( (L.) Gaerth)), or a cover crop (Siratro ( (DC.

Ginsenosides and Biotic Stress Responses of Ginseng.

Ginsenosides are saponins that possess a sugar moiety attached to a hydrophobic aglycone triterpenoid. They have been widely studied for their various medicinal benefits, such as their neuroprotective and anti-cancer activities, but their role in the biology of ginseng plants has been much less widely documented. In the wild, ginsengs are slow-growing perennials with roots that can survive for approximately 30 years; thus, they need to defend themselves against many potential biotic stresses over many decades.

Selection of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of rice with Rhizoctonia solani infection and biocontrol PGPR/KSi application.

Background: Rhizoctonia solani (AG1 IA) is an important pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that causes rice sheath blight (RSB). Since control of RSB by breeding and fungicides have had limited success, novel strategies like biocontrol with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be an effective alternative.

Effect of azoxystrobin on tobacco leaf microbial composition and diversity.

Azoxystrobin, a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide, reduced tobacco target spot caused by by 62%, but also affected the composition and diversity of other microbes on the surface and interior of treated tobacco leaves. High-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant bacteria prior to azoxystrobin treatment were on healthy leaves and on diseased leaves, and the dominant fungi were (teleomorph of ) and on healthy leaves and on diseased leaves. Both bacterial and fungal diversity significantly increased 1 to 18 days post treatment (dpt) with azoxystrobin for healthy and diseased leaves.

Occurrence and Distribution of Physiological Races of in Maize-Growing Regions of Mexico.

Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is a common foliar disease of maize in Mexico that is caused by the fungal pathogen . The most effective management strategy against TLB is monogenic race-specific resistance. Among the 140 isolates from symptomatic leaves collected from maize fields in Mexico, 100 were obtained from tropical (Veracruz) and temperate areas (Estado de México) between 2010 and 2019, and 40 isolates were obtained from tropical (Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas), subtropical (Nayarit, Jalisco, and Guanajuato), and temperate areas (Estado de Mexico, Hidalgo, and Puebla) collected in 2019.

Interaction of Ginseng with Root Rot Pathogens.

The species complex (A.A. Hildebr.

Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 serology using at-home collection kits returned via mail.

Serology provides tools for epidemiologic studies, and may have a role in vaccine prioritization and selection. Automated serologic testing of saliva, especially specimens that are self-collected at home and sent to a laboratory via the mail without refrigeration, could be a highly-scalable strategy for population-wide testing. In this prospective study, non-vaccinated patients were recruited after PCR testing to self-collect saliva and return their specimens via mail.

Response of to Biocontrol Agent YB-185 by Phenotypic and Transcriptome Analysis.

The use of biological control agents (BCAs) is a promising alternative control measure for Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat caused by . A bacterial strain, YB-185, was isolated from the soil of wheat plants with FCR and identified as . YB-185 exhibited strong inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination in culture.

Evaluation and Genome Analysis of YB-04 as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Wilt and Growth Promotion Agent of Cucumber.

Cucumber wilt caused by f.sp. () is a highly destructive disease that leads to reduced yield in cucumbers.

The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng.

The rhizosphere of ginseng contains a wide range of microorganisms that can have beneficial or harmful effects on the plant. Root exudates of ginseng, particularly ginsenosides and phenolic acids, appear to select for particular microbial populations through their stimulatory and inhibitory activities, which may account for the similarities between the rhizosphere microbiomes of different cultivated species of . Many practices of cultivation attempt to mimic the natural conditions of ginseng as an understory plant in hilly forested areas.

Genomic and Phenotypic Insights into the Potential of YB-15 Isolated from Rhizosphere to Biocontrol against Crown Rot and Promote Growth of Wheat.

crown rot caused by is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide causing major yield and economic losses. In this study, strain YB-15 was isolated from soil of wheat rhizosphere and classified as by average nucleotide identity analysis. It significantly reduced crown rot with a control efficacy of 81.

First insights into the honey bee () brain lipidome and its neonicotinoid-induced alterations associated with reduced self-grooming behavior.

Introduction: Honey bees () play key roles in food production performing complex behaviors, like self-grooming to remove parasites. However, the lipids of their central nervous system have not been examined, even though they likely play a crucial role in the performance of cognitive process to perform intricate behaviors. Lipidomics has greatly advanced our understanding of neuropathologies in mammals and could provide the same for honey bees.

Quantitative serology for SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva and finger-stick blood.

Convenient and widespread serology testing may alter the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to leverage high-throughput, multiplexed serologic assays, which have been adopted as benchmarks for vaccine efficacy, to support large-scale surveys of SARS-CoV-2 immunity using finger-stick blood and/or saliva. Specifically, we optimized MSD's serology assays, which were analytically validated for serum, to test self-collected finger-stick blood and saliva samples to identify prior infection.

A Biofabrication Strategy for a Custom-Shaped, Non-Synthetic Bone Graft Precursor with a Prevascularized Tissue Shell.

Critical-sized defects of irregular bones requiring bone grafting, such as in craniofacial reconstruction, are particularly challenging to repair. With bone-grafting procedures growing in number annually, there is a reciprocal growing interest in bone graft substitutes to meet the demand. Autogenous osteo(myo)cutaneous grafts harvested from a secondary surgical site are the gold standard for reconstruction but are associated with donor-site morbidity and are in limited supply.

Differences in Gene Expression of Pear Selections Showing Leaf Curling or Leaf Reddening Symptoms Due to Pear Decline Phytoplasma.

While host gene expression has been related to symptoms associated with different phytoplasma diseases, it is unknown why some phytoplasmas are associated with different symptoms in genotypes of the same plant species. Pear tree selections showed symptoms of either leaf reddening (selection 8824-1) or leaf curling (selection 9328-1) associated with pear decline (PD) phytoplasma presence. PD populations were similar in leaves and shoots of the two selections, but in the roots, populations were significantly lower in selection 8824-1 than in 9328-1, indicating greater resistance.