The Effects of Metformin on Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Diabetic Patients.

Objective: Ototoxicity is an important side effect of cisplatin. Recent animal and in vitro studies suggest metformin may protect hearing, though human studies are lacking. We report the first retrospective clinical study exploring the effects of metformin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Lateral Temporal Bone Resection With a High-Riding Jugular Bulb.

A high-riding jugular bulb can complicate standard otologic and neurotologic approaches and must be taken into account during surgical planning.

Losartan May Not Prevent Vestibular Schwannoma Growth or Related Hearing Loss During Observation.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of losartan on vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth and related hearing loss during observation.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Cochlear Implantation After Head and Neck Radiation: A Case Series, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if cochlear implant (CI) is safe and effective in patients with radiation therapy (XRT)-induced sensorineural hearing loss and to discuss considerations in this population through a retrospective cohort review, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all CI cases after head and neck (HN) XRT at our institution, noting intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and hearing outcomes.

Skull Base Osteomyelitis: Historical Perspective, Diagnosis and Management Update.

SBO is a life-threatening disease that requires a high index of suspicion based on these patients complex underlying medical co-morbidities and clinician's acumen. Once a diagnosis is made, is it critical to communicate and work closely with other multidisciplinary teams (neuroradiology for appropriate choice of imaging study and interpretation; infectious disease for appropriate medical treatment and duration; internist to properly manage their underlying medical co-morbidities). Despite advances in imaging, the diagnosis is first made based on clinical judgment, appropriate culture, and tissue biopsy.

Predictors of postoperative performance status after surgical management of infratemporal fossa malignancies.

Infratemporal fossa (ITF) tumors are difficult to access surgically due to anatomical constraints. Moreover, aggressive ITF carcinomas and sarcomas necessitate aggressive treatment strategies that, along with tumor-related symptoms, contribute to decreases in patient performance status. To assess factors that predict postoperative performance in patients undergoing surgery for ITF tumors.

The Effect of Metformin on Vestibular Schwannoma Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To systematically review and evaluate metformin's potential impact on vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

Review Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on sporadic VS patients undergoing initial observation who had at least two magnetic resonance imaging studies.

The combined profunda artery perforator-gracilis flap for immediate facial reanimation and resurfacing of the radical parotidectomy defect.

Background: A radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice results in facial nerve paralysis as well as a volume and often cutaneous defect. Prior experience with nerve grafting and static suspension has yielded suboptimal results. The present report aims to examine the feasibility and outcomes of a combined free gracilis and profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap from a single donor site can reconstruct these extensive defects and potentially restore dynamic facial reanimation even in the setting of adjuvant radiation.

Patient, Disease, and Treatment-Related Factors Affecting Progression-Free and Disease-Specific Survival in Recurrent Chondrosarcomas of the Skull Base.

Background: Recurrent skull base chondrosarcomas (CSA) are difficult to treat, and limited data are available to help guide subsequent therapy.

Objective: To further characterize the natural history of CSA and identify treatment modalities that were most effective in prolonging progression-free (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective review of patients with recurrent skull base CSA from 1993 to 2021.

Middle cranial fossa approach for acoustic neuroma.

The middle fossa approach for the resection of small acoustic neuromas is a viable, but underutilized treatment modality with the goal of hearing preservation. The authors aim to demonstrate this approach and its nuances through this video presentation. A 38-year-old man presented with an incidentally discovered small, intracanalicular acoustic neuroma that was initially observed, but growth was noted.

Distinct immune signature predicts progression of vestibular schwannoma and unveils a possible viral etiology.

Background: The management of sub-totally resected sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) may include observation, re-resection or irradiation. Identifying the optimal choice can be difficult due to the disease's variable progression rate. We aimed to define an immune signature and associated transcriptomic fingerprint characteristic of rapidly-progressing VS to elucidate the underpinnings of rapidly progressing VS and identify a prognostic model for determining rate of progression.

Survival Outcomes of Patients with Mycosis Fungoides Involving the External Ear and Ear Canal.

Objectives/hypothesis: Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Disease involvement of specific locations may be more significant than simply the symptoms associated with that site; it is possible that involvement of certain sites could be associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with MF with documented involvement of the EAC and external ear.

Association of hearing loss and tinnitus symptoms with health-related quality of life among long-term oropharyngeal cancer survivors.

Background: This study investigated the association of hearing loss and tinnitus with overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among long-term oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors.

Methods: This study included OPC survivors treated between 2000 and 2013 and surveyed from September 2015 to July 2016. Hearing loss and tinnitus were measured by asking survivors to rate their "difficulty with hearing loss and/or ringing in the ears" from 0 (not present) to 10 (as bad as you can imagine).

Audiovestibular Toxicity Secondary to Immunotherapy: Case Series and Literature Review.

Introduction: Audiovestibular toxicity secondary to immunotherapy has only rarely been reported in the literature. Herein, we examine our experience diagnosing and managing audiovestibular immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Methods: Four patients who experienced irAEs were included.

Unusual mimicker of odontogenic carcinoma: Primary synovial sarcoma of the temporomandibular joint- a critical role for molecular diagnosis.

Background: Synovial sarcomas (SS) are malignant tumors originating from pluripotent mesenchymal cells, with predilection for periarticular areas, as deep-seated soft tissue tumors. Treatment of SS of the head and neck (HN) is usually radical local excision and additional radiation or (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy or both. SS are characterized by a specific SS18-SSX1/2/4 fusion gene.

Osteoblastoma of the Temporal Bone in a Child.

This report describes osteoblastoma of the temporal bone found on a well-child visit. The relevant clinical, radiographic, and histologic features are described. The tumor was completely resected via a transtemporal approach.

Immune-Related Oral, Otologic, and Ocular Adverse Events.

Emerging immunotherapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), have revolutionized cancer treatment. The first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4, was approved in 2011. Since then, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat various malignancies.

Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Percutaneous Abutments for Bone Conduction Hearing Devices.

Objective: To introduce a minimally invasive and image-guided technique for staged placement of a percutaneous abutment after osseointegrated implantation.

Patients: Adults undergoing temporal bone resection at two academic medical centers.

Interventions: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous installation of a bone conduction hearing device abutment.

Perineural Invasion of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve: How Far Proximally Do We Chase the Positive Margin?

Objective: To determine recurrence patterns in patients with head and neck cancers requiring facial nerve sacrifice and to determine the optimal management of the positive proximal facial nerve margin.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care center.