Differential Reshaping of Skin and Intestinal Microbiota by Stocking Density and Oxygen Availability in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (): A Behavioral and Network-Based Integrative Approach.

Fish were kept for six weeks at three different initial stocking densities and water O concentrations (low-LD, 8.5 kg/m and 95-70% O saturation; medium-MD, 17 kg/m and 55-75% O saturation; high-HD, 25 kg/m and 60-45% O saturation), with water temperature increasing from 19 °C to 26-27 °C. The improvement in growth performance with the decrease in stocking density was related to changes in skin and intestinal mucosal microbiomes.

Understanding how high stocking densities and concurrent limited oxygen availability drive social cohesion and adaptive features in regulatory growth, antioxidant defense and lipid metabolism in farmed gilthead sea bream ().

The study combined the use of biometric, behavioral, physiological and external tissue damage scoring systems to better understand how high stocking densities drive schooling behavior and other adaptive features during the finishing growing phase of farmed gilthead sea bream in the Western Mediterranean. Fish were grown at three different final stocking densities (LD, 8.5 kg/m; MD, 17 kg/m; HD, 25 kg/m).

The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream () diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective.

This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (; 44.1 ± 4.2 g).

Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in gilthead seabream () by dietary bile salt supplementation.

Given their role in lipid digestion, feed supplementation with bile salts could be an economic and sustainable solution to alterations in adiposity and intestinal inflammation generated by some strategies currently used in aquaculture. An important part of the metabolism of bile salts takes place in the intestine, where the microbiota transforms them into more toxic forms. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the gut immune response and microbial populations in gilthead seabream () fed a diet supplemented with a blend of bile salts with proven background as a regulator of lipid metabolism and fat content.

Use of male-to-female sex reversal as a welfare scoring system in the protandrous farmed gilthead sea bream ().

Gilthead sea bream is a highly cultured marine fish throughout the Mediterranean area, but new and strict criteria of welfare are needed to assure that the intensification of production has no negative effects on animal farming. Most welfare indicators are specific to a given phase of the production cycle, but others such as the timing of puberty and/or sex reversal are of retrospective value. This is of particular relevance in the protandrous gilthead sea bream, in which the sex ratio is highly regulated at the nutritional level.