Parental bonding style and illness severity in a longitudinal study of individuals with first episode psychosis.

A parenting style with high amounts of control combined with low caring or nurturing behaviour has been reported in association with mental disorders including schizophrenia. However, the association of parenting style with illness severity in individuals with schizophrenia has never been evaluated retrospectively or over a longitudinal time course. In a subset (n = 84) of the participants included in the AESOP (Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses)-10 study, we evaluated participants' perceptions of their own parents' bonding style at the time of their first episode of psychosis using the parental bonding instrument (PBI).

Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation.

Introduction: Ankle fractures are amongst the most common open fracture injuries presenting to major trauma centres (MTC) and their management remains a topic of debate. Incidence is increasing particularly in the elderly population however the optimal surgical approach and risk factors for unplanned reoperation remain scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospective case study to analyse our institution's outcomes as well as identify risk factors for early unplanned reoperation.

Rethinking the course of psychotic disorders: modelling long-term symptom trajectories.

Background: The clinical course of psychotic disorders is highly variable. Typically, researchers have captured different course types using broad pre-defined categories. However, whether these adequately capture symptom trajectories of psychotic disorders has not been fully assessed.

Embedded rehabilitation in major trauma: Retrospective pre-post observational study of service and patient outcomes.

Introduction: Major trauma describes serious and often multiple injuries where there is a strong possibility of death or residual disability. There is little robust evidence on the effects of embedded rehabilitation within the trauma care pathway. Trauma rehabilitation services therefore remain fragmented and poorly integrated.

Diagnostic stability and outcome after first episode psychosis.

Background: Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are often assigned other psychiatric diagnoses during their lives. The significance of changing diagnosis has not been widely studied.

Aims: Our aim was to examine the association between diagnostic change and later outcome.

Neurological Signs at the First Psychotic Episode as Correlates of Long-Term Outcome: Results From the AESOP-10 Study.

Minor neurological signs are subtle deficits in sensory integration, motor coordination, and sequencing of complex motor acts present in excess in the early stages of psychosis. Still, it remains unclear whether at least some of these signs represent trait or state markers for psychosis and whether they are markers of long-term disease outcome of clinical utility. We examined the relationship between neurological function at illness onset assessed with the Neurological Evaluation Scale and subsequent illness course in 233 patients from AESOP-10 (Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses), a 10-year follow-up study of a population-based cohort of individuals recruited at the time of their first episode of psychosis in the United Kingdom.

Opening up while locking down: how an Irish independent sector mental health service is responding to the COVID-19 crisis.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a particular set of challenges for health services. Some of these are common across all services (e.g.

Symptom remission at 12-weeks strongly predicts long-term recovery from the first episode of psychosis.

Background: To determine the baseline individual characteristics that predicted symptom recovery and functional recovery at 10-years following the first episode of psychosis.

Methods: AESOP-10 is a 10-year follow up of an epidemiological, naturalistic population-based cohort of individuals recruited at the time of their first episode of psychosis in two areas in the UK (South East London and Nottingham). Detailed information on demographic, clinical, and social factors was examined to identify which factors predicted symptom and functional remission and recovery over 10-year follow-up.

Cognitive Change in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses in the Decade Following the First Episode.

Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with a marked cognitive impairment that is widely believed to remain stable after illness onset. Yet, to date, 10-year prospective studies of cognitive functioning following the first episode with good methodology are rare. The authors examined whether schizophrenia patients experience cognitive decline after the first episode, whether this decline is generalized or confined to individual neuropsychological functions, and whether decline is specific to schizophrenia.

The relationship between ethnicity and service access, treatment uptake and the incidence of psychosis among people at ultra high risk for psychosis.

Black ethnicity is associated with increased risk for psychosis in South London. This study explored the distribution of ethnicity among services users at ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR) and examined the influence of ethnicity on service access, treatment uptake and incidence of psychosis. The ethnic distribution of 228 people at UHR for psychosis, seen in an early detection clinical service over 10 years, was compared with 146 people with first episode psychosis from the same geographic region and census figures for the local population.

Neuropsychological function at first episode in treatment-resistant psychosis: findings from the ÆSOP-10 study.

Background: Neuropsychological investigations can help untangle the aetiological and phenomenological heterogeneity of schizophrenia but have scarcely been employed in the context of treatment-resistant (TR) schizophrenia. No population-based study has examined neuropsychological function in the first-episode of TR psychosis.

Methods: We report baseline neuropsychological findings from a longitudinal, population-based study of first-episode psychosis, which followed up cases from index admission to 10 years.

Challenges experienced during rehabilitation after traumatic multiple rib fractures: a qualitative study.

Background: People with multiple rib fractures rarely receive rehabilitation aimed specifically at their chest wall injuries. This research explores patient perceptions of rehabilitation and recovery.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative study exploring how a purposive sample of 15 people with traumatic multiple rib fractures at a Major Trauma Centre in the United Kingdom make sense of their recovery.

Ethnicity and long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders in a UK sample: the ÆSOP-10 study.

The incidence of psychotic disorders is elevated in some minority ethnic populations. However, we know little about the outcome of psychoses in these populations.To investigate patterns and determinants of long-term course and outcome of psychoses by ethnic group following a first episode.

Outcomes following first-episode psychosis - Why we should intervene early in all ages, not only in youth.

Objective: To compare baseline demographics and 10-year outcomes of a first-episode psychosis patient incidence cohort in order to establish whether current youth-focussed age-based criteria for early intervention services are justified by patient needs. The patients in this cohort were treated prior to the establishment of early intervention services. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that those who develop psychosis at a younger age have worse outcomes than those who develop psychosis at an older age.

Calcaneal Tuberosity Fixation Using a Locking Compression Hook Plate.

Calcaneal tuberosity fractures account for 1% to 3% of all calcaneal fractures. Surgical fixation is particularly challenging owing to osteoporosis and numerous comorbidities and risk factors in this patient population. Numerous techniques have been proposed; however, we describe the use of a locking compression hook plate in the treatment of type 2 fracture patterns.

Socioeconomic status at birth and risk for first episode psychosis in rural Ireland: Eliminating the features of urbanicity in the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS).

Background: There is a paucity of research on the relationship between social environment at birth and risk for psychosis in rural settings. This study examined the relationship between individual- and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic indicators proximal to the time of birth and risk for a first psychotic episode in a rural context using a prospective dataset of unusual epidemiological completeness.

Methods: A matched case-control design was used.

GP contact with patients after treatment for hip fracture: frequency and determinants.

Background: Patients with hip fracture have complex medical issues, both at the time of admission and after discharge from hospital. We have observed a surge in patient-initiated and carer-initiated contacts with general physicians (GPs) for periods longer than those usually reported, in a series of patients sustaining fractures from July 2008 to September 2013.

Objectives: To establish (1) the frequency of contact with GPs (primary outcome) and (2) the factors influencing the frequency of different modes of contact.

The effect of delay to surgery on morbidity, mortality and length of stay following periprosthetic fracture around the hip.

With the increasing prevalence of total hip arthroplasty and the increasing longevity of patients with implants in situ, periprosthetic fractures of the proximal femur are seen with greater frequency. They represent a challenging surgical problem, requiring combined arthroplasty and trauma skills in a potentially compromised surgical bed. We present data from the 82 consecutive patients with periprosthetic fractures around the hip presenting to two NHS Foundation Trusts in the period January 2009 to February 2014.

SEQUenCE: a service user-centred quality of care instrument for mental health services.

Objective: To develop a quality of care instrument that is grounded in the service user perspective and validate it in a mental health service.

Design: The instrument (SEQUenCE (SErvice user QUality of CarE)) was developed through analysis of focus group data and clinical practice guidelines, and refined through field-testing and psychometric analyses.

Setting: All participants were attending an independent mental health service in Ireland.

Ten-Year Outcomes of First-Episode Psychoses in the MRC ÆSOP-10 Study.

It has long been held that schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders have a predominately poor course and outcome. We have synthesized information on mortality, clinical and social outcomes from the ÆSOP-10 multicenter study, a 10-year follow-up of a large epidemiologically characterized cohort of 557 people with first-episode psychosis. Symptomatic remission and recovery were more common than previously believed.

Gender differences in the association between childhood physical and sexual abuse, social support and psychosis.

Purpose: Childhood adversity (variously defined) is a robust risk factor for psychosis, yet the mitigating effects of social support in adulthood have not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult psychosis, and gender differences in levels of perceived social support.

Methods: A sample of 202 individuals presenting for the first time to mental health services with psychosis and 266 population-based controls from south-east London and Nottingham, UK, was utilised.

Self esteem and self agency in first episode psychosis: Ethnic variation and relationship with clinical presentation.

The impact of self esteem and Locus of Control (LoC) on clinical presentation across different ethnic groups of patients at their first psychotic episode (FEP) remains unknown. We explored these constructs in 257 FEP patients (Black n=95; White British n=119) and 341 controls (Black n=70; White British n=226), and examined their relationship with symptom dimensions and pathways to care. FEP patients presented lower self-esteem and a more external LoC than controls.

Achieving best practice tariff may not reflect improved survival after hip fracture treatment.

Objective: The best practice tariff (BPT) incentivizes hospitals in the England and Wales National Health Service to provide multiprofessional care to patients with hip fractures. The initial six targets included: 1) admission under consultant-led joint orthopedic-geriatric care, 2) multidisciplinary assessment protocol on admission, 3) surgery within 36 hours, 4) geriatrician review within 72 hours, 5) multiprofessional rehabilitation, and 6) assessment for falls and bone protection. We aimed to examine the relationship between BPT achievement and important patient outcomes and whether the BPT could predict these independently of other validated predictors.

Mortality in schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 10-year follow-up of the ӔSOP first-episode cohort.

The excess mortality in people with psychotic disorders is a major public health concern, but little is known about the clinical and social risk factors which may predict this health inequality and help inform preventative strategies. We aimed to investigate mortality in a large epidemiologically characterized cohort of individuals with first-episode psychosis compared with the general population and to determine clinical and social risk factors for premature death. All 557 individuals with first-episode psychosis initially identified in 2 areas (Southeast London and Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom) were traced over a 10-year period in the ӔSOP-10 study.