Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of wildtype and mutated actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) on various cancer cell lines.

Background: actinoporin like toxin -1 (HALT-1), is a small 18.5 kDa pore forming toxin derived from which has been shown to elicit strong haemolytic and cytolytic activity when in contact with cell membranes. Due to its cytotoxic potency, HALT-1 was further investigated for its potential as a toxin moiety candidate in immunotoxin developmental efforts, ideally as a form of targeted therapy against cancer.