Development of a cobalt(II) phthalocyanine- MWCNT modified carbon paste electrode for the detection of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

In this work the development of an electrochemical sensor for the determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular linoleic acid, in commercially available safflower oil as complex matrix is described. The sensor consists of a carbon paste electrode with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, Co(II)Pc, as mediator and multiwalled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNT) as nanomaterial. As carrier medium a sodium borate buffer (0.

Effects of the replacement of concentrate and fibre-rich hay by high-quality hay on chewing, rumination and nutrient digestibility in non-lactating Holstein cows.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-quality hay with an elevated sugar content alone or with graded amounts of concentrate feed on chewing and ruminating activity, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and ruminal pH at different time points after feeding in the free ruminal liquid (FRL) and the particle-associated ruminal liquid (PARL). Eight rumen cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows were arranged in a Latin square design in four experimental runs lasting 25 d each. The four diets tested were 60NQ (60% normal-quality hay + 40% concentrate), 60HQ (60% high-quality hay + 40% concentrate), 75HQ (75% high-quality hay + 25% concentrate) and 100HQ (100% high-quality hay).