Unperceived underdialysis.

Chronic progressive renal disease is clinically manifested by an array of neurobehavioral symptoms and somatic wasting. When pre-end-stage patients were studied using objective measures in both domains, progressive and clinically unperceived deterioration was demonstrated at and below glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) of 40 ml/min/1.73 m2 (serum creatinine levels as low as 2 mg/dl).

Evolution of Daily Hemodialysis in Acute Renal Failure: From the Korean War to the Present.

Over half a century of hemodialysis therapy has brought significant progress in technology and in our approach to its use. This brief review has three objectives: (1) to describe what dialysis was like in the beginning, 50 years ago; (2) to review the origins and interval evolution of the paradigm of daily hemodialysis; and (3) to introduce some vistas for the future.