BMS-823778 (), a 1,2,4-triazolopyridinyl-methanol derived analog, was identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) enzyme (IC = 2.3 nM) with >10,000-fold selectivity over 11β-HSD-2. Compound exhibits robust acute pharmacodynamic effects in cynomolgus monkeys (ED = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer immunotherapy, unlike traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic treatments, engages the immune system to identify cancer cells and stimulate immune responses. The Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) protein is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that seek out and destroy cancer cells. Multiple cancer types express and upregulate the Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) which bind to PD-1 as an immune escape mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMS-816336 (6n-2), a hydroxy-substituted adamantyl acetamide, has been identified as a novel, potent inhibitor against human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme (IC 3.0 nM) with >10000-fold selectivity over human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). 6n-2 exhibits a robust acute pharmacodynamic effect in cynomolgus monkeys (ED 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthesis, structural activity relationships (SAR), and selectivity profile of a potent series of phenylalanine diamide FXIa inhibitors will be discussed. Exploration of P1 prime and P2 prime groups led to the discovery of compounds with high FXIa affinity, good potency in our clotting assay (aPPT), and high selectivity against a panel of relevant serine proteases as exemplified by compound 21. Compound 21 demonstrated good in vivo efficacy (EC50=2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA multidisciplinary, fragment-based screening approach involving protein ensemble docking and biochemical and NMR assays is described. This approach led to the discovery of several structurally diverse, neutral surrogates for cationic factor VIIa P1 groups, which are generally associated with poor pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Among the novel factor VIIa inhibitory fragments identified were aryl halides, lactams, and heterocycles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompound 2 was previously identified as a potent inhibitor of factor XIa lacking oral bioavailability. A structure-based approach was used to design analogs of 2 with novel P1 moieties with good selectivity profiles and oral bioavailability. Further optimization of the P1 group led to the identification of a 4-chlorophenyltetrazole P1 analog, which when combined with further modifications to the linker and P2' group provided compound 32 with FXIa Ki=6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-23 is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Adnectins are targeted protein therapeutics that are derived from domain III of human fibronectin and have a similar protein scaffold to antibodies. Adnectin 2 was found to bind to IL-23 and compete with the IL-23/IL-23R interaction, posing a potential protein therapeutic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe structure-activity relationships (SAR) of six-membered ring replacements for the imidazole ring scaffold is described. This work led to the discovery of the potent and selective pyridine (S)-23 and pyridinone (±)-24 factor XIa inhibitors. SAR and X-ray crystal structure data highlight the key differences between imidazole and six-membered ring analogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel inhibitors of FXIa containing an (S)-2-phenyl-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanamine core have been optimized to provide compound 16b, a potent, reversible inhibitor of FXIa (Ki = 0.3 nM) having in vivo antithrombotic efficacy in the rabbit AV-shunt thrombosis model (ID50 = 0.6 mg/kg + 1 mg kg(-1) h(-1)).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
December 2014
The precise and unambiguous elucidation and characterization of interactions between a high affinity recognition entity and its cognate protein provides important insights for the design and development of drugs with optimized properties and efficacy. In oncology, one important target protein has been shown to be the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through the development of therapeutic anticancer antibodies that are selective inhibitors of EGFR activity. More recently, smaller protein derived from the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin termed an adnectin has also been shown to inhibit EGFR in clinical studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall alkyl groups and spirocyclic-aromatic rings directly attached to the left side and right side of the 1,2,4-triazolopyridines (TZP), respectively, were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 1 (11β-HSD-1) enzyme. 3-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-8-cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (9f) was identified as a potent inhibitor of the 11β-HSD-1 enzyme with reduced Pregnane-X receptor (PXR) transactivation activity. The binding orientation of this TZP series was revealed by X-ray crystallography structure studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntithrombotic agents that are inhibitors of factor XIa (FXIa) have the potential to demonstrate robust efficacy with a low bleeding risk profile. Herein, we describe a series of tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) derivatives as FXIa inhibitors. Compound 1 was identified as a potent and selective tool compound for proof of concept studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDescribed herein are structure-activity relationship studies that resulted in the optimization of the activity of members of a class of cyclopropyl-fused indolobenzazepine HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Subsequent iterations of analogue design and syntheses successfully addressed off-target activities, most notably human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) transactivation, and led to significant improvements in the physicochemical properties of lead compounds. Those analogues exhibiting improved solubility and membrane permeability were shown to have notably enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDerived from the HTS hit 1, a series of hydroxyisoquinolines was discovered as potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with good cross species activity. Optimization of substituents at the 1 and 4 positions of the isoquinoline group in addition to the core modifications, with a special focus on enhancing metabolic stability and aqueous solubility, resulted in the identification of several compounds as potent advanced leads.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeterocyclic replacement of the isophthalamide phenyl ring in hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE-1 inhibitors was explored. A variety of indole-1,3-dicarboxamide HEAs exhibited potent BACE-1 enzyme inhibition, but displayed poor cellular activity. Improvements in cellular activity and aspartic protease selectivity were observed for 7-azaindole-1,3-dicarboxamide HEAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral series of pyridine amides were identified as selective and potent 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors feature 2,6- or 3,5-disubstitution on the pyridine core. Various linkers (CH(2)SO(2), CH(2)S, CH(2)O, S, O, N, bond) between the distal aryl and central pyridyl groups are tolerated, and lipophilic amide groups are generally favored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction of the phenyl piperidinone and phenyl pyridinone P4 moieties in the anthranilamide scaffold led to potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of factor Xa. Anthranilamide 28 displayed comparable efficacy to apixaban in the rabbit arteriovenous-shunt (AV) thrombosis model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the search of Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors structurally different from the pyrazole-based series, we identified a viable series of enantiopure cis-(1R,2S)-cycloalkyldiamine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of FXa. Among them, cyclohexyldiamide 7 and cyclopentyldiamide 9 were the most potent neutral compounds, and had good anticoagulant activity comparable to the pyrazole-based analogs. Crystal structures of 7-FXa and 9-FXa illustrate binding similarities and differences between the five- and the six-membered core systems, and provide rationales for the observed SAR of P1 and linker moieties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE) is the enzyme responsible for beta-site cleavage of APP, leading to the formation of the amyloid-beta peptide that is thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, BACE is an attractive pharmacological target, and numerous research groups have begun searching for potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme as a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention in AD. The mature enzyme is composed of a globular catalytic domain that is N-linked glycosylated in mammalian cells, a single transmembrane helix that anchors the enzyme to an intracellular membrane, and a short C-terminal domain that extends outside the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane.
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