The complete chloroplast genome of the first registered Itoh hybrid cv. Hexie in China.

The first registered Itoh hybrid cv. Hexie in China is a naturally occurring intersectional hybrid of Sect. and Sect.

Corrigendum: Methylome changes in associated with long-term colonisation by the endophytic fungus sp. TG-3 strain AR37.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.

Methylome changes in associated with long-term colonisation by the endophytic fungus sp. TG-3 strain AR37.

spp. often form mutualistic interactions with cool-season grasses, such as . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction remain poorly understood.

Comparative Transcriptomics of Multi-Stress Responses in and .

The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth and changes in abiotic and biotic signals, including temperature, water availability, radiation and pests, induce plant responses to optimise survival. The New Zealand native plant species and close relative to , grows under environmental conditions that are unsustainable for many plant species. Here, we compare the responses of both species to different stressors (low temperature, salt and UV-B radiation) to help understand how can grow in such harsh environments.

A mutation in Arabidopsis SAL1 alters its in vitro activity against IP and delays developmental leaf senescence in association with lower ROS levels.

Our manuscript is the first to find a link between activity of SAL1/OLD101 against IP and plant leaf senescence regulation and ROS levels assigning a potential biological role for IP. Leaf senescence is a genetically programmed process that limits the longevity of a leaf. We identified and analyzed the recessive Arabidopsis stay-green mutation onset of leaf death 101 (old101).

Primary metabolic processes as drivers of leaf ageing.

Ageing in plants is a highly coordinated and complex process that starts with the birth of the plant or plant organ and ends with its death. A vivid manifestation of the final stage of leaf ageing is exemplified by the autumn colours of deciduous trees. Over the past decades, technological advances have allowed plant ageing to be studied on a systems biology level, by means of multi-omics approaches.

Strigolactones regulate sepal senescence in Arabidopsis.

Flower sepals are critical for flower development and vary greatly in life span depending on their function post-pollination. Very little is known about what controls sepal longevity. Using a sepal senescence mutant screen, we identified two Arabidopsis mutants with delayed senescence directly connecting strigolactones with senescence regulation in a novel floral context that hitherto has not been explored.

Fungal Endophyte Colonization Patterns Alter Over Time in the Novel Association Between and Endophyte AR37.

Infection of the pasture grass with the seed-transmitted fungal endophyte enhances its resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. Agricultural benefits of endophyte infection can be increased by generating novel symbiotic associations through inoculating with selected strains. Natural symbioses have coevolved over long periods.

Developmentally controlled changes during Arabidopsis leaf development indicate causes for loss of stress tolerance with age.

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is induced by the gradual occurrence of age-related changes (ARCs). The process of leaf senescence has been well described, but the cellular events leading to this process are still poorly understood. By analysis of progressively ageing, but not yet senescing, Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, we aimed to better understand processes occurring prior to the onset of senescence.

Functional analysis of RXLR effectors from the New Zealand kauri dieback pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida.

New Zealand kauri is an ancient, iconic, gymnosperm tree species that is under threat from a lethal dieback disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora agathidicida. To gain insight into this pathogen, we determined whether proteinaceous effectors of P. agathidicida interact with the immune system of a model angiosperm, Nicotiana, as previously shown for Phytophthora pathogens of angiosperms.

Putative alternative translation start site-encoding nucleotides of CPR5 regulate growth and resistance.

Background: The Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 5 (CPR5) has recently been shown to play a role in gating as part of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Mutations in CPR5 cause multiple defects, including aberrant trichomes, reduced ploidy levels, reduced growth and enhanced resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. The pleiotropic nature of cpr5 mutations implicates that the CPR5 protein affects multiple pathways.

Plant Resistance and Susceptibility to Petal Blight Disease Are Defined by the Timing of Defense Responses.

The family Sclerotiniaceae includes important phytopathogens, such as and , that activate plant immune responses to facilitate infection propagation. The mechanisms of plant resistance to these necrotrophic pathogens are still poorly understood. To discover mechanisms of resistance, we used the (Sclerotiniaceae)- spp.

Conservation and expansion of a necrosis-inducing small secreted protein family from host-variable phytopathogens of the Sclerotiniaceae.

Fungal effector proteins facilitate host-plant colonization and have generally been characterized as small secreted proteins (SSPs). We classified and functionally tested SSPs from the secretomes of three closely related necrotrophic phytopathogens: Ciborinia camelliae, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Alignment of predicted SSPs identified a large protein family that share greater than 41% amino acid identity and that have key characteristics of previously described microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs).

Efficient nonenzymatic cyclization and domain shuffling drive pyrrolopyrazine diversity from truncated variants of a fungal NRPS.

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) generate the core peptide scaffolds of many natural products. These include small cyclic dipeptides such as the insect feeding deterrent peramine, which is a pyrrolopyrazine (PPZ) produced by grass-endophytic fungi. Biosynthesis of peramine is catalyzed by the 2-module NRPS, PpzA-1, which has a C-terminal reductase (R) domain that is required for reductive release and cyclization of the NRPS-tethered dipeptidyl-thioester intermediate.

Genome-Wide Analysis of ROS Antioxidant Genes in Resurrection Species Suggest an Involvement of Distinct ROS Detoxification Systems during Desiccation.

Abiotic stress is one of the major threats to plant crop yield and productivity. When plants are exposed to stress, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases, which could lead to extensive cellular damage and hence crop loss. During evolution, plants have acquired antioxidant defense systems which can not only detoxify ROS but also adjust ROS levels required for proper cell signaling.

Orthologous peramine and pyrrolopyrazine-producing biosynthetic gene clusters in Metarhizium rileyi, Metarhizium majus and Cladonia grayi.

Peramine is a non-ribosomal peptide-derived pyrrolopyrazine (PPZ)-containing molecule with anti-insect properties. Peramine is known to be produced by fungi from genus Epichloë, which form mutualistic endophytic associations with cool-season grass hosts. Peramine biosynthesis has been proposed to require only the two-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) peramine synthetase (PerA), which is encoded by the 8.

Drought-induced senescence of Medicago truncatula nodules involves serpin and ferritin to control proteolytic activity and iron levels.

Drought is a major constraint for legume growth and yield. Senescence of nitrogen-fixing nodules is one of the early drought responses and may cause nutrient stress in addition to water stress in legumes. For nodule senescence to function as part of a drought-survival strategy, we propose that the intrinsically destructive senescence process must be tightly regulated.

Molecular Mechanisms Preventing Senescence in Response to Prolonged Darkness in a Desiccation-Tolerant Plant.

The desiccation-tolerant plant can withstand months of darkness without any visible senescence. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to prolonged (30 d) darkness and subsequent return to light. plants remained green and viable throughout the dark treatment.

Arabidopsis AGAMOUS Regulates Sepal Senescence by Driving Jasmonate Production.

The signal that initiates the age-regulated senescence program in flowers is still unknown. Here we propose for the ephemeral flower that it dies because of continued expression of the MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG). AG is necessary for specifying the reproductive structures of the flower.

Kunitz Proteinase Inhibitors Limit Water Stress Responses in White Clover ( L.) Plants.

The response of plants to water deficiency or drought is a complex process, the perception of which is triggered at the molecular level before any visible morphological responses are detected. It was found that different groups of plant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are induced and play an active role during abiotic stress conditions such as drought. Our previous work with the white clover ( L.

ABA signalling manipulation suppresses senescence of a leafy vegetable stored at room temperature.

Postharvest senescence and associated stresses limit the shelf life and nutritional value of vegetables. Improved understanding of these processes creates options for better management. After harvest, controlled exposure to abiotic stresses and/or exogenous phytohormones can enhance nutraceutical, organoleptic and commercial longevity traits.