Impact of Pool Testing in Detection of Asymptomatic Patients with COVID-19.

Objective: During the current pandemic, COVID-19 has been detected in patients using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that confirms the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The demand for increased testing, particularly for asymptomatic individuals required alternative approaches to single-patient RT-PCR testing, such as pooling.

Methods: This study explored the impact of dilution on the detectability of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients using RT-PCR and demonstrated that pooling can be effective in low prevalence populations.

Ovarian cyst fluids are a cache of tumor biomarkers that include calgranulin A and calgranulin B isoforms.

SELDI-TOF MS analysis of cyst fluids identified 95 peaks that discriminate malignant, borderline, and benign ovarian tumors. Three prominent peaks, which correspond to calgranulin A (m/z 10847) and two isoforms of calgranulin B (m/z 12717 and 13294), have higher concentrations in borderline and malignant cyst fluids. Together, calgranulin A and B distinguish borderline and malignant tumors from benign tumors with 28.

Apolipoprotein concentrations are elevated in malignant ovarian cyst fluids suggesting that lipoprotein metabolism is dysregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer.

SELDI-TOF MS analysis of ovarian cyst fluids revealed that peaks m/z 8696 and 8825 discriminate malignant, borderline, and benign tumors. These peaks correspond to isoforms of apoA2. ELISA demonstrates that apoA1, A2, B, C2, C3, and E cyst fluid concentrations are uncorrelated and higher in malignant ovarian tumors, but only apoA2, apoE, and age are independent classifiers of malignant ovarian tumors, yielding 55.

Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement.

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) convened a panel of specialists from gynecology, radiology, and pathology to arrive at a consensus regarding the management of ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged sonographically in asymptomatic women. The panel met in Chicago, IL, on October 27-28, 2009, and drafted this consensus statement. The recommendations in this statement are based on analysis of current literature and common practice strategies, and are thought to represent a reasonable approach to asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at ultrasonography.

Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement.

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound convened a panel of specialists from gynecology, radiology, and pathology to arrive at a consensus regarding the management of ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged sonographically in asymptomatic women. The panel met in Chicago, Ill, on October 27-28, 2009, and drafted this consensus statement. The recommendations in this statement are based on analysis of current literature and common practice strategies, and are thought to represent a reasonable approach to asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at ultrasonography.

Predicting risk of malignancy in adnexal masses.

Objective: To estimate the accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography, serum CA 125, and patient demographics as a means of predicting risk of malignancy in women with a ultrasonographically confirmed adnexal mass.

Methods: Tumor morphology derived from ultrasonographic images, tumor size, tumor bilaterality, serum CA 125, and patient demographics were evaluated preoperatively in 395 patients undergoing surgery from 2001 to 2008. Tumor morphology was classified as complex, solid, or cystic.

The search for meaning-Symptoms and transvaginal sonography screening for ovarian cancer: predicting malignancy.

Background: The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is greater than that of all other major gynecologic malignancies. Detecting ovarian cancer at an early and curable stage long has been an objective of oncologists. Recently, it was reported that certain symptom patterns are informative for the presence of ovarian malignancy.

Surgical management of women with ovarian cancer.

Ovarian carcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Proper treatment of ovarian cancer begins with a thorough staging operation and attempt to totally debulk tumor sites. Despite even maximal surgical efforts, most patients with ovarian cancer require systemic or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Ovarian cancer screening with annual transvaginal sonography: findings of 25,000 women screened.

Background: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancies, and most women present with advanced-stage disease. The current investigation was performed to determine the efficacy of annual transvaginal sonography (TVS) as a screening method for ovarian cancer.

Methods: Annual TVS screening was performed on 25,327 women from 1987 to 2005.

The treatment of lateral T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva confined to the labium majus or minus.

Objective: To determine the pattern of lymph node metastases, recurrence rate, and survival of patients with lateral T1 and T2 squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the vulva treated by radical vulvectomy or hemivulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy.

Methods: An institutional review was performed to identify lateral T1 and T2 SCC of the vulva confined to the labium majus and minus.

Results: Sixty-one patients with lateral T1 and 61 patients with lateral T2 SCC of the vulva were treated from 1963 to 2003.

Concordance of gross surgical and final fixed margins in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and vulvar cancer.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the concordance of initial surgical vulvar margins and final fixed margins and to determine the amount of microscopic pathology of grossly negative margins in women with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 3 or vulvar carcinoma.

Study Design: Women with VIN 3 or vulvar carcinoma undergoing surgical excision were identified. Prior to excision, acetic acid was used to highlight the lesions, and 2 sutures were placed, 1 at the edge of gross disease and another 1 cm distal from the first.

The accuracy of examination under anesthesia and transvaginal sonography in evaluating ovarian size.

Objective: To compare pelvic examination under anesthesia to transvaginal sonography (TVS) as a method for ovarian detection and measurement.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty-nine ovaries from 151 women were evaluated. After induction of anesthesia, a complete pelvic examination and TVS were performed, and the ovaries were removed surgically.

Risk of malignancy in unilocular ovarian cystic tumors less than 10 centimeters in diameter.

Objective: To determine the natural history and to estimate the risk of malignancy of unilocular ovarian cystic tumors less than 10 cm in diameter followed conservatively by transvaginal ultrasound.

Methods: From 1987 to 2002, 15,106 asymptomatic women at least 50 years old entered the University of Kentucky's Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and underwent initial transvaginal ultrasonography. If the screen revealed nothing abnormal, women were asked to repeat transvaginal ultrasonography yearly.

Ultrasound screening for the early detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer screening in the general population has been performed using ultrasound examination of the female pelvis and serum tumor marker determinations. Ultrasound examinations, particularly transvaginal sonography (TVS), have been advocated as potentially useful modalities. Investigators from the University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY) and Hirosaki University (Hirosaki, Japan) have recently published results from ultrasound-based ovarian cancer screening studies.

Clinical implications of a rising serum CA-125 within the normal range in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a preliminary investigation.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical implications of a progressively rising serum CA-125 level in the normal (< 35 U/ml) range in ovarian cancer patients with complete response to therapy.

Methods: A multi-institutional investigation was undertaken to identify patients with CA-125-producing epithelial ovarian cancers who experienced progressively rising antigen levels in the normal (<35 U/ml) range after completion of therapy. All patients had (1) histologic documentation of epithelial ovarian cancer and (2) complete clinical remission (CR) as defined by negative imaging studies, normal clinical examination, and a normal (<35 U/ml) serum CA-125 value.

Outcome of reproductive age women with stage IA or IC invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with fertility-sparing therapy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the recurrence rate, survival, and pregnancy outcome in patients with Stage IA and Stage IC invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with unilateral adnexectomy.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective investigation was undertaken to identify patients with Stage IA and IC epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated with fertility-sparing surgery. All patients with ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy were excluded.