The Effect of Visual Function on the Batting Performance of Professional Baseball Players.

This report evaluates the role of the combined visual abilities of acuity, contrast sensitivity and presentation time on plate discipline and baseball batting performance. A visual function test (EVTS) was performed on 585 professional baseball players. The results were compared to several common plate-discipline measures.

The Hand-eye Coordination of Professional Baseball Players: The Relationship to Batting.

Significance: A visuomotor skill (eye-hand visual-motor reaction time [EH-VMRT]) important for baseball performance is described. Eye-hand visual-motor reaction time represents the integration of visual information, perceptually based decisions, and motor movements to accomplish a specific task. The speed at which this occurs depends on many factors, some visual, some perceptual, and some motor related.

A pre-application drop containing carboxymethylcellulose can reduce multipurpose solution-induced corneal staining.

Purpose: Use of polyhexanide based multipurpose solutions (MPSs) for contact lens disinfection has been linked to low-grade corneal staining. In vitro data suggest that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) may neutralize polyhexanides. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a pre-application drop of CMC reduces polyhexanide staining in vivo.

Color vision screening for individuals with intellectual disabilities: a comparison between the Neitz Test of Color Vision and Color Vision Testing Made Easy.

Background: The Neitz Test of Color Vision (Neitz) and Color Vision Testing Made Easy(trade mark) (CVTME) were compared to determine which test was more effective in evaluating patients with intellectual disability (i.e., mental retardation) and developmental delay.

Developmental Eye Movement Test: reliability and symptomatology.

Background: The Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM) is a widely used visual skill test, especially in the context of a vision therapy evaluation. It is intended to diagnose oculomotor dysfunction (OMD) and can also identify deficient rapid automatized naming. As such, its reliability and associated symptomatology are important.

Relationship between visual-motor integration and spatial organization of written language and math.

Purpose: The relationship between visual-motor integration and academic achievement is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the type and frequency of errors made by children with poor visual-motor integration during a written language and math task.

Methods: Eighteen children with normal visual-motor integration (> or =36%) and 19 children with low visual-motor integration (< or =16%) participated in the study.

A reevaluation of the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test's repeatability.

Purpose: To investigate the repeatability of the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test in a group of third grade elementary school students.

Methods: Thirty, third grade children who passed a modified clinical technique vision screening were given the DEM and then retested 2 weeks later.

Results: A clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean scores from test to retest was found on the vertical time, horizontal time, and ratio score.

Association of symptoms and convergence and accommodative insufficiency in school-age children.

Background: The purpose of this article was to investigate the association between convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and symptoms in a group of school-aged children.

Methods: Children ages 8 to 15 years were recruited from two public and 2 private elementary schools in Southern California. The CI Symptom Survey (CISS) was administered to all children before a Modified Clinical Technique vision screening.

Reliability of binocular vision measurements used in the classification of convergence insufficiency.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of binocular vision measurements used in the classification of convergence insufficiency.

Methods: Two examiners tested 20 fifth and sixth graders in a school setting who passed a screening of visual acuity, refraction, and binocularity. The tests, conducted using a standard protocol, consisted of von Graefe near heterophoria (NH), phorometric positive fusional vergence (PFV), nearpoint of convergence (NPC), and monocular pushup accommodative amplitude (AA).