An improved assembly of the "Cascade" hop () genome uncovers signatures of molecular evolution and refines time of divergence estimates for the Cannabaceae family.

We present a chromosome-level assembly of the Cascade hop ( L. var. ) genome.

Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop () and Commercial Hop Cultivars.

The female flowers ("cones") of the hop plant ( L.) produce compounds that contribute to the flavor and other properties of beer. Hop leaves and cones produce many of the same compounds, which also confer agronomic traits such as insect and disease resistance.

UPLC-QTof-MS Metabolomics Reveals Changes in Leaf Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Hop ( L.) Plants under Drought Stress.

The hop ( L.) is an important specialty crop used in beer production. Untargeted UPLC-QTof-MS metabolomics was used to determine metabolite changes in the leaves of hop plants under varying degrees of drought stress.

Identification of tandem repeat families from long-read sequences of Humulus lupulus.

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is known for its use as a bittering agent in beer and has a rich history of cultivation, beginning in Europe and now spanning the globe. There are five wild varieties worldwide, which may have been introgressed with cultivated varieties.

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) terroir has large effect on a glycosylated green leaf volatile but not on other aroma glycosides.

Genetics and environment both influence the content of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) aroma compounds. The effects of these two factors on aroma glycosides, which can change the aroma profile of beer over time, were examined in a preliminary study.

3D Molecular Cytology of Hop () Meiotic Chromosomes Reveals Non-disomic Pairing and Segregation, Aneuploidy, and Genomic Structural Variation.

Hop ( L.) is an important crop worldwide, known as the main flavoring ingredient in beer. The diversifying brewing industry demands variation in flavors, superior process properties, and sustainable agronomics, which are the focus of advanced molecular breeding efforts in hops.

Non-Mendelian Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Inheritance and Atypical Meiotic Configurations are Prevalent in Hop.

Hop ( L.) breeding programs seek to exploit genetic resources for bitter flavor, aroma, and disease resistance. However, these efforts have been thwarted by segregation distortion including female-biased sex ratios.

Targeted analysis of polyphenol metabolism during development of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones following treatment with prohexadione-calcium.

Hops (Humulus lupulus), a main ingredient in beer, are valued as a source of bitter flavour and biologically active polyphenols. We treated immature hop cones with prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca), a flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) inhibitor, to perturb the flavonoid pathway, and conducted a targeted analysis of 29 compounds from the phenolic acid, flavonoid, and terpenophenolic pathways, using photodiode array (UHPLC-PDA), and time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) analysis. Hop cones were analysed over four stages of development spanning 22days following Pro-Ca treatment.

Increase in cone biomass and terpenophenolics in hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) by treatment with prohexadione-calcium.

Humulus lupulus L. (hop), a specialty crop bred for flavor characteristics of the inflorescence, is an essential ingredient in beer. Hop inflorescences, commonly known as hop cones, contain terpenophenolic compounds, which are important for beer flavoring and of interest in biomedical research.

Phytochemical and morphological characterization of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones over five developmental stages using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection, and light microscopy techniques.

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inflorescences, commonly known as "hop cones", are prized for their terpenophenolic contents, used in beer production and, more recently, in biomedical applications. In this study we investigated morphological and phytochemical characteristics of hop cones over five developmental stages, using liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS), and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) methods to quantitate 21 polyphenolics and seven terpenophenolics.

EST analysis of hop glandular trichomes identifies an O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of xanthohumol.

The glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) of hop (Humulus lupulus) synthesize essential oils and terpenophenolic resins, including the bioactive prenylflavonoid xanthohumol. To dissect the biosynthetic processes occurring in lupulin glands, we sequenced 10,581 ESTs from four trichome-derived cDNA libraries. ESTs representing enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis, including all of the steps of the methyl 4-erythritol phosphate pathway, were abundant in the EST data set, as were ESTs for the known type III polyketide synthases of bitter acid and xanthohumol biosynthesis.

Gene duplication in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway preceded evolution of the grasses.

Despite ongoing research on carotenoid biosynthesis in model organisms, there is a paucity of information on pathway regulation operating in the grasses (Poaceae), which include plants of world-wide agronomic importance. As a result, efforts to either breed for or metabolically engineer improvements in carotenoid content or composition in cereal crops have led to unexpected results. In comparison to maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) accumulates no endosperm carotenoids, despite having a functional pathway in chloroplasts.

Maize phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase catalyse a poly-Z desaturation pathway: implications for genetic engineering of carotenoid content among cereal crops.

Carotene desaturation, an essential step in the biosynthesis of coloured carotenoids, has received much attention (1) as a target of bleaching herbicide action, (2) as a determinant of geometric isomer states of carotenoids and their metabolites, and (3) as a key modulator of accumulation and structural variability of carotenoids. Having previously isolated and functionally characterized the cDNA encoding the first enzyme in maize carotene desaturation, phytoene desaturase (PDS), the isolation and functional characterization of the second desaturase, a maize endosperm cDNA (2265 bp) encoding zetacarotene (zeta-carotene) desaturase (ZDS) is reported here. Functional analysis of the concerted actions of maize PDS and ZDS ex situ showed these enzymes to mediate a poly-Z desaturation pathway to the predominate geometric isomer 7,9,7',9'-tetra-Z-lycopene (poly-Z-lycopene or prolycopene), and not the all-trans substrate required of the downstream lycopene cyclase enzymes.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Edible Plants: Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ), Coffee, and Others.

A number of edible plant species were investigated for antifungal agents. Whole sprouts and extracts of plant organs were tested in several assays, including bioautography. Amaranth, coffee ( Coffea arabica ), rice, coleus, violet, chervil, and lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) showed antifungal activity.