A Tale of Two Lymphomas.

We present a patient with coeliac disease who developed refractory coeliac disease II, which was complicated by the development of metachronous lymphomas.

The Irish Helicobacter pylori Working Group consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in adult patients in Ireland.

Background: Irish eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori are decreasing and there is an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These trends call into question current management strategies.

Objective: To establish an Irish Helicobacter pylori Working Group (IHPWG) to assess, revise and tailor current available recommendations.

Myeloid Engraftment in Humanized Mice: Impact of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Treatment and Transgenic Mouse Strain.

Poor myeloid engraftment remains a barrier to experimental use of humanized mice. Focusing primarily on peripheral blood cells, we compared the engraftment profile of NOD-scid-IL2Rγc(-/-) (NSG) mice with that of NSG mice transgenic for human membrane stem cell factor (hu-mSCF mice), NSG mice transgenic for human interleukin (IL)-3, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and stem cell factor (SGM3 mice). hu-mSCF and SGM3 mice showed enhanced engraftment of human leukocytes compared to NSG mice, and this was reflected in the number of human neutrophils and monocytes present in these strains.

A combined antral and corpus rapid urease testing protocol can increase diagnostic accuracy despite a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing routine gastroscopy.

Background: The effects of an increased risk of sampling error and the lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection on the diagnostic accuracy of standard invasive tests needs to be considered. Despite evidence of enhanced yield with additional biopsies, combined Rapid Urease Tests (RUTs) have not been widely adopted. We aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of a combined antral and corpus rapid urease test (RUT) to a single antral RUT in a low prevalence cohort.

Sustained participation, colonoscopy uptake and adenoma detection rates over two rounds of the Tallaght-Trinity College colorectal cancer screening programme with the faecal immunological test.

Background: Studies to date support the use of the faecal immunological test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening programmes, and it has been widely adopted across Europe, Canada, Australia, and the USA. Successive screening rounds are necessary to detect and prevent colorectal cancer. The overall success of FIT screening will depend on several factors, the most important probably being the acceptability of repeated screening rounds.

Isolated active ileitis: is it a mild subtype of Crohn's disease?

Background: Ileal intubation is being increasingly performed at colonoscopy and has in turn lead to an increasingly recognized subgroup of patients-those with mild terminal ileal inflammation, an entity that we have coined isolated active ileitis (IAI). The aims of this study were to define the natural history of IAI and determine if IAI shares a similar genetic and serologic profile with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Patients with IAI were identified from our institution's histopathology and endoscopy databases.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.

Context: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater are rare and confer a very poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy. There are few case reports of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater in the literature and to date no studies have been done to establish optimal management. We describe a pooled case series from published reports of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater including a case which presented to our institution.

Complex rectal polyps: other treatment modalities required when offering a transanal endoscopic microsurgery service.

Purpose: Complex rectal polyps may present a clinical challenge. The study aim was to assess different treatment modalities required in the management of patients referred for transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

Methods: Patients referred with complex rectal polyps from 1998 to 2008 were entered prospectively to a colorectal database.

Increased spontaneous apoptosis, but not survivin expression, is associated with histomorphologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.

Purpose: Survivin has been shown to be an important mediator of cellular radioresistance in vitro. This study aims to compare survivin expression and apoptosis to histomorphologic responses to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) in rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six pre-treatment biopsies were studied.

Small cell cervical cancer: an unusual finding at cholecystectomy.

Background: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare cancer, comprising less than 3% of all cervical neoplasms. It uniformly has a poor prognosis, and has a high mortality even with early stage disease. It can metastasise rapidly and metastatic sites include lung, liver, brain, bone, pancreas and lymph nodes.

BRAF T1799A mutation occurring in a case of malignant struma ovarii.

Struma ovarii is an extremely rare tumor that occasionally undergoes malignant transformation. Because struma ovarii is composed of thyroid tissue, it is conceivable that the pathogenetic events involved in thyroid follicular transformation may take place also in struma ovarii. The authors describe a case of a classical variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a struma ovarii of a 22-year-old female.

COX-2 overexpression in pretreatment biopsies predicts response of rectal cancers to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy.

Purpose: To determine the utility of COX-2 expression as a response predictor for patients with rectal cancer who are undergoing neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT).

Methods And Materials: Pretreatment biopsies (PTB) from 49 patients who underwent RCT were included. COX-2 and proliferation in PTB were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL stain.

Infarcted angiomatous nasal polyps.

Angiomatous nasal polyps are a rarely reported subtype of inflammatory sinonasal polyps that are characterized by extensive vascular proliferation and ectasia. Compromise of their vascular supply may occasionally lead to infarction, resulting in clinical, radiological and pathological features that simulate a neoplastic process. In the present paper, the salient characteristics of this unusual entity are described.

Gastric mucosal mast cells are increased in Helicobacter pylori-negative functional dyspepsia.

Background & Aims: Mast cells might be involved in pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia because they can release a wide range of potent mediators, capable of altering gastric nerve and muscle function. This study aimed to determine whether mast cell numbers were increased in the gastric mucosa of patients with functional dyspepsia compared to control subjects.

Methods: Biopsy samples were taken from the antrum and corpus of 111 patients: 20 asymptomatic control subjects, 62 patients with Rome criteria functional dyspepsia (33 Helicobacter pylori positive, 29 H.

Semireannealing, single-stranded conformational polymorphism: a novel and effective tool for the diagnosis of T-cell clonality.

Single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) is often used for the diagnosis of T-cell clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders. We introduce a semireannealing SSCP (SR-SSCP) protocol that is rapid, reproducible, and effective. By denaturing and reannealing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product before high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it is possible to generate a diagnostic fingerprint for each case with clonal T-cell receptor-gamma (TCR-gamma) gene rearrangement detected after PCR with TCR-gamma specific consensus primers.