Association between Bispectral Index System and airway obstruction: an observational prospective cohort analysis during third molar extractions.

Background: Sedation regimes during oral procedures frequently associated with airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to define the association of Bispectral Index (BIS) to the depth of sedation and airway obstruction events.

Methods: Forty-seven patients between 14-21 years old, who were candidates for 3rd molar teeth extraction, were enrolled in this study.

Noise level measurement, a new method to evaluate effectiveness of sedation in pediatric dentistry.

Objectives: Pediatric dentists perform moderate sedation frequently to facilitate dental treatment in uncooperative children. Assessing the depth and quality of sedation is an important factor in the clinical utilization of moderate sedation. We aimed to determine if the level of noise, created by the children who are undergoing moderate sedation during dental procedures, could be used as a nonsubjective measurement of the depth of sedation and compare it to the Ohio State Behavior Rating Score (OSBRS).

An evaluation of intranasal sufentanil and dexmedetomidine for pediatric dental sedation.

Conscious or moderate sedation is routinely used to facilitate the dental care of the pre- or un-cooperative child. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has little respiratory depressant effect, possibly making it a safer option when used as an adjunct to either opioids or benzodiazepines. Unlike intranasal (IN) midazolam, IN application of DEX and sufentanil (SUF) does not appear to cause much discomfort.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches: efficacy, tolerability and compliance with label dose administration directions.

Background: The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain.

Methods: Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues.

Reducing the pain of intranasal drug administration.

Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to develop a score to assess intranasal (IN) drug administration discomfort and then assess 3 different approaches to reduce the pain associated with the administration of an IN citrate study solution.

Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval and with informed consent, volunteers intranasally received 0.3 M solution of citrate, on 4 different days.

A comparison of four sedation techniques for pediatric dental surgery.

Background: We prospectively assessed the efficacy and side effects of four sedation techniques in our dental clinic: oral midazolam, intranasal (IN) midazolam, IN midazolam combined with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), and IN midazolam combined with IN sufentanil.

Materials & Methods: With IRB approval, a nonrandomized open label study of moderate sedation in children undergoing dental surgery was administered during a 6 -month period. The sedation regimen was rotated daily at the anesthesiologist's discretion.

Intranasal flumazenil and naloxone to reverse over-sedation in a child undergoing dental restorations.

We describe a 3-year-old child who became over-sedated after receiving intranasal (IN) midazolam (0.53 mg.kg(-1)) and IN sufentanil (1 mcg.

Telescoping tracheal tubes into catheters minimizes epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation in children.

Background: Numerous strategies have been used to reduce epistaxis after nasotracheal intubation. The authors compared the severity of epistaxis after nasotracheal intubation in children with tubes at room temperature, warm tubes, and tubes telescoped into catheters.

Methods: Children who were scheduled for elective dental surgery were randomly assigned to undergo nasotracheal intubation using a tube at room temperature (control), warmed in saline, or whose distal end had been telescoped into a red rubber catheter.