Relationships between abdominal adipose tissue and neuroinflammation with diffusion basis spectrum imaging in midlife obesity.

Objective: This study investigated how obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m, abdominal adiposity, and systemic inflammation relate to neuroinflammation using diffusion basis spectrum imaging.

Methods: We analyzed data from 98 cognitively normal midlife participants (mean age: 49.4 [SD 6.

MR Cranial Bone Imaging: Evaluation of Both Motion-Corrected and Automated Deep Learning Pseudo-CT Estimated MR Images.

Background And Purpose: CT imaging exposes patients to ionizing radiation. MR imaging is radiation free but previously has not been able to produce diagnostic-quality images of bone on a timeline suitable for clinical use. We developed automated motion correction and use deep learning to generate pseudo-CT images from MR images.

Use of computed tomography to identify muscle quality subgroups, spatial mapping, and preliminary relationships to function in those with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Decreased muscle volume and increased muscle-associated adipose tissue (MAAT, sum of intra and inter-muscular adipose tissue) of the foot intrinsic muscle compartment are associated with deformity, decreased function, and increased risk of ulceration and amputation in those with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Research Question: What is the muscle quality (normal, abnormal muscle, and adipose volumes) of the DPN foot intrinsic compartment, how does it change over time, and is muscle quality related to gait and foot function?

Methods: Computed tomography was performed on the intrinsic foot muscle compartment of 45 subjects with DPN (mean age: 67.2 ± 6.

Alzheimer Disease Pathology and Neurodegeneration in Midlife Obesity: A Pilot Study.

Obesity and excess adiposity at midlife are risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Visceral fat is known to be associated with insulin resistance and a pro-inflammatory state, the two mechanisms involved in AD pathology. We assessed the association of obesity, MRI-determined abdominal adipose tissue volumes, and insulin resistance with PET-determined amyloid and tau uptake in default mode network areas, and MRI-determined brain volume and cortical thickness in AD cortical signature in the cognitively normal midlife population.

Cardiac imaging and biomarkers for assessing myocardial fibrosis in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis, as diagnosed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), is associated with adverse outcomes in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but its prevalence and magnitude in children with HCM have not been established. We investigated: (1) the prevalence and extent of myocardial fibrosis as detected by LGE cMRI; (2) the agreement between echocardiographic and cMRI measurements of cardiac structure; and (3) whether serum concentrations of N-terminal pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin-T are associated with cMRI measurements.

Methods: A cross-section of children with HCM from 9 tertiary-care pediatric heart centers in the U.

Rate of tarsal and metatarsal bone mineral density change in adults with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy: a longitudinal study.

Background: In people with diabetes (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN), loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in the tarsals and metatarsals contribute to foot complications; however, changes in BMD of the calcaneal bone is most commonly reported. This study reports rate of change in BMD of all the individual bones in the foot, in participants with DM and PN. Our aim was to investigate whether the rate of BMD change is similar across all the bones of the foot.

Deep-learning synthesized pseudo-CT for MR high-resolution pediatric cranial bone imaging (MR-HiPCB).

Purpose: CT is routinely used to detect cranial abnormalities in pediatric patients with head trauma or craniosynostosis. This study aimed to develop a deep learning method to synthesize pseudo-CT (pCT) images for MR high-resolution pediatric cranial bone imaging to eliminating ionizing radiation from CT.

Methods: 3D golden-angle stack-of-stars MRI were obtained from 44 pediatric participants.

Cranial vault imaging for pediatric head trauma using a radial VIBE MRI sequence.

Objective: Head trauma is the most common indication for a CT scan. In this pilot study, the authors assess the feasibility of a 5-minute high-resolution 3D golden-angle (GA) stack-of-stars radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) MRI sequence (GA-VIBE) to obtain clinically acceptable cranial bone images and identify cranial vault fractures compared to CT.

Methods: Patients younger than 18 years of age presenting after head trauma were eligible for the study.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Correlation and Agreement for Foot Muscle and Adipose Tissue Measurements.

Background: Volumetric measures of intrinsic foot muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) infiltration are important in understanding foot injury and disease. We questioned whether measures of muscle and fat derived from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) would be comparable.

Methods: This study determined the correlation and level of agreement between CT and MR measurements of foot muscle and IMAT from 32 subjects with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.

Body mass index and maximum available midfoot motion are associated with midfoot angle at peak heel rise in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy.

Purpose: Midfoot movement dysfunction, as measured by heel rise performance, is associated with midfoot deformity in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Understanding contributors of midfoot movement dysfunction may help clinicians understand deformity progression. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with midfoot angle at peak heel rise.

A limited number of slices yields comparable results to all slices in foot intrinsic muscle deterioration ratio on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Diagnostic imaging modalities, like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to assess in vivo muscle quality. Quantitative assessment using these techniques is time-intensive and costly due in part to extensive post-processing needs. The purpose of this study was to identify whether a subset of slices on CT and MRI would yield comparable results to the full number of slices for a measure of muscle quality (muscle deterioration ratio = fat volume/muscle volume) in the foot intrinsic muscles of people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.

Comparison between movement pattern training and strengthening on muscle volume, muscle fat, and strength in patients with hip-related groin pain: An exploratory analysis.

The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to compare the impact of movement pattern training (MoveTrain) and standard strength and flexibility training (Standard) on muscle volume, strength and fatty infiltration in patients with hip-related groin pain (HRGP). We completed a secondary analysis of data collected during an assessor-blinded randomized control trial. Data were used from 27 patients with HRGP, 15-40 years, who were randomized into MoveTrain or Standard groups.

Association of toe-extension movement pattern magnitude and variability during three functional tasks with diabetic foot complications.

Background: A toe-extension movement pattern may contribute to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity and ulceration in people with diabetes. We sought to quantify the relationship between toe extension magnitude and variability during three functional tasks (ankle range of motion, sit to stand, walking) with metatarsophalangeal joint deformity, and identify potential mechanisms associated with a toe-extension movement pattern.

Methods: Individuals with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were included (n = 60).

Qualitative study of musculoskeletal tissues and their radiographic correlates in diabetic neuropathic foot deformity.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) with peripheral neuropathy (PN) results in foot deformity increasing ulceration, joint dislocation, and amputation risk. This study describes the frequency and severity of foot and ankle musculoskeletal abnormalities and their relationship to radiographic alignment in people with DMPN with (DMPN + MCD) and without (DMPN - MCD) medial column deformity (MCD) compared to age- and body mass index-matched controls without DMPN or MDC.

Methods: DMPN + MCD (n = 11), DMPN - MCD (n = 12), and controls (n = 12) were studied.

Extracorporeal photopheresis to attenuate decline in lung function due to refractory obstructive allograft dysfunction.

Background: This study was designed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) to attenuate the rate of decline of FEV in lung transplant recipients with refractory bronchiolitis obliterans. Due to an observed higher than expected early mortality, a preliminary analysis was performed.

Study Design And Methods: Subjects from 10 lung transplant centres were assigned to ECP treatment or to observation based on spirometric criteria, with potential crossover for those under observation.

3D pediatric cranial bone imaging using high-resolution MRI for visualizing cranial sutures: a pilot study.

Objective: There is an unmet need to perform imaging in young children and obtain CT-equivalent cranial bone images without subjecting the patients to radiation. In this study, the authors propose using a high-resolution fast low-angle shot golden-angle 3D stack-of-stars radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (GA-VIBE) MRI sequence that is intrinsically robust to motion and has enhanced bone versus soft-tissue contrast.

Methods: Patients younger than 11 years of age, who underwent clinical head CT scanning for craniosynostosis or other cranial malformations, were eligible for the study.

Multi-System Factors Associated with Metatarsophalangeal Joint Deformity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

The underlying factors contributing to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity, a known precursor to skin breakdown in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), is likely to involve multiple body systems. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify multi-system factors associated with metatarsophalangeal joint deformity in individuals with type 2 DM and peripheral neuropathy ( = 60). Metatarsophalangeal joint deformity was quantified with a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Hip Kinematics During Single-Leg Tasks in People With and Without Hip-Related Groin Pain and the Association Among Kinematics, Hip Muscle Strength, and Bony Morphology.

Objective: To compare 3-D hip kinematics during the single-leg squat and step-down in patients with hip-related groin pain to those in asymptomatic participants, and to assess relationships among hip kinematics, muscle strength, and bony morphology.

Design: Controlled laboratory cross-sectional study.

Methods: Forty patients with hip-related groin pain and 40 matched, asymptomatic participants between 18 and 40 years of age participated.

Clinical tests to determine femoral version category in people with chronic hip joint pain and asymptomatic controls.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory cross-sectional.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between femoral version (FV), measured by MRI (FVMRI), Craig's test and hip rotation range of motion (ROM). To determine rotation ROM values associated with FVMRI categories: excessive anteversion, normal version and retroversion.

The efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis to arrest bronchiolitis obliterans in lung allograft recipients was compared between two automated photopheresis instruments.

Background: The most common instruments used for extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment in the United States are the UVAR XTS and the CELLEX devices (Therakos, West Chester, PA). When compared to the UVAR XTS instrument, the efficacy of the CELLEX instrument to arrest the decline in lung function in patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) related to bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) has not been previously evaluated.

Methods: The relative efficacy of the CELLEX vs UVAR XTS ECP instruments was assessed by comparing the difference in rates of FEV decline before and after ECP treatment and survival in two series of lung allograft recipients with BOS who had been treated with these instruments.

Effect of Protein Supplementation During Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Muscle Mass and Strength: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: High protein (particularly leucine-rich whey protein) intake is recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of weight loss on muscle mass. The effectiveness of this approach is unknown.

Methods: Seventy middle-aged (50-65 years old) postmenopausal women with obesity were randomized to (1) weight maintenance (WM), (2) weight loss and the recommended daily allowance for protein (0.

Reduced Hip Adduction Is Associated With Improved Function After Movement-Pattern Training in Young People With Chronic Hip Joint Pain.

Study Design Ancillary analysis, time-controlled randomized clinical trial. Background Movement-pattern training (MPT) has been shown to improve function among patients with chronic hip joint pain (CHJP). Objective To determine the association among treatment outcomes and mechanical factors associated with CHJP.

Hip Abductor Muscle Volume and Strength Differences Between Women With Chronic Hip Joint Pain and Asymptomatic Controls.

Study Design Secondary analysis, cross-sectional study. Background Chronic hip joint pain (CHJP) can lead to limitations in activity participation, but the musculoskeletal factors associated with the condition are relatively unknown. Understanding the factors associated with CHJP may help develop rehabilitation strategies to improve quality of life of individuals with long-term hip pain.

A Candidate Imaging Marker for Early Detection of Charcot Neuroarthropathy.

Inflammation-mediated foot osteopenia may play a pivotal role in the etiogenesis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy (PN), and Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). Our objective was to establish a volumetric quantitative computed tomography-derived foot bone measurement as a candidate prognostic imaging marker to identify individuals with DMPN who were at risk of developing CN. We studied 3 groups: 16 young controls (27 ± 5 years), 20 with DMPN (57 ± 11 years), and 20 with DMPN and CN (55 ± 9 years).

Persistent inflammation with pedal osteolysis 1year after Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy.

Aims: To determine local and systemic markers of inflammation and bone mineral density (BMD) in the foot and central sites in participants with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DMPN) with and without acute Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CN).

Methods: Eighteen participants with DMPN and CN and 19 participants without CN had foot temperature assessments, serum markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein, (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, (ESR)] and BMD of the foot, hip and lumbar spine at baseline and 1year follow-up.

Results: CN foot temperature difference was higher compared to DMPN controls at baseline (4.