Prostate Radiotherapy for Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: A STOPCAP Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Many trials are evaluating therapies for men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Objective: To systematically review trials of prostate radiotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using a prospective framework (framework for adaptive meta-analysis [FAME]), we prespecified methods before any trial results were known.

Algorithm for Bosniak 2F Cyst in Kidney Donation.

BACKGROUND The Bosniak system for radiological classification of renal cysts offers a tool for surgical decision-making in clinical practice. Although 95% of Bosniak 2F cysts remain benign, a consensus on the management of Bosniak 2F cysts in kidney donation has not been developed. CASE REPORT We present a donor with a Bosniak 2F cyst, who successfully donated her kidney after partial resection of the Bosniak 2F cyst.

Intermittent versus continuous cyproterone acetate in bone metastatic prostate cancer: results of a randomized trial.

Background: To compare intermittent treatment (IT) versus continuous treatment (CT) using cyproterone acetate (CPA) in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients, we conducted an open-label, multicenter randomized trial. Continuous androgen deprivation therapy is the standard treatment in metastatic prostate cancer. Intermittent treatment might maintain efficacy while toxicity and costs are reduced.

Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation in patients with a urinary conduit: a case-control study.

Purpose: To study the short- and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with a bladder augmentation or urinary diversion compared to patients with a kidney transplantation in a normal functional bladder.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2000 and March 2011, 13 patients received 16 grafts into a reconstructed urinary tract. We performed a retrospective case-control study and matched each patient to 4 controls for donor and recipient gender and year of transplantation.

Complications of initial prostate biopsy in a European randomized screening trial.

Background: Transrectal prostate needle biopsy (PNB) is a standard procedure for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We recently found an increasing frequency of hospitalization with infectious complications associated with PNB over time.

Objective: To perform an updated analysis of overall complication rates in a large screening population over the past 18 years and to examine possible predictors of complications on initial PNB.

Surgical anatomy of the 10th and 11th intercostal, and subcostal nerves: prevention of damage during lumbotomy.

Purpose: In a descriptive, inventorial anatomical study we mapped the course of the 10th and 11th intercostal nerves, and the subcostal nerve in the abdominal wall to determine a safe zone for lumbotomy.

Materials And Methods: We dissected 11 embalmed cadavers, of which 10 were analyzed. The 10th and 11th intercostal nerves, and the subcostal nerve were dissected from the intercostal space to the rectus sheath.

Does local treatment of the prostate in advanced and/or lymph node metastatic disease improve efficacy of androgen-deprivation therapy? A systematic review.

Context: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plays a pivotal role in the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). When and for how long to apply ADT have remained controversial issues.

Objective: To review randomised studies of ADT (orchiectomy or luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogues) in PCa-both immediate and deferred/adjuvant studies-to elucidate a possible interaction between local treatment and ADT.

Diagnostic value of urinary dysmorphic erythrocytes in clinical practice.

Background: In clinical practice, discriminating between glomerular and nonglomerular causes of hematuria is often difficult. Dysmorphic red blood cells (dRBC) in the urinary sediment are claimed to be effective, but the cutoff points in the literature vary. This follow-up study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of dRBC.

Kidney and urinary tract imaging: triple-bolus multidetector CT urography as a one-stop shop--protocol design, opacification, and image quality analysis.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate renal, vascular, and urinary tract visualization following a single postcontrast multidetector computed tomographic (CT) urographic sequence performed with three limited-volume bolus injections.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Patient informed consent was waived.

Overexpression of prostate-specific TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG fusion transcripts corresponds with favorable prognosis of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To gain insight in the mechanism and clinical relevance of TMPRSS2-ERG expression in prostate cancer, we determined the specific characteristics of fusion transcripts starting at TMPRSS2 exon 1 and at a more upstream and less characterized exon 0.

Experimental Design: We used quantitative PCR analysis to investigate expression of wild-type TMPRSS2(exon 0) and TMPRSS2(exon 1) and of ERG fusion transcripts. Expression was tested in normal tissue samples, in prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts, and in fresh-frozen clinical prostate cancer samples (primary tumors and recurrences).

Expression of the androgen-regulated fusion gene TMPRSS2-ERG does not predict response to endocrine treatment in hormone-naïve, node-positive prostate cancer.

Background: Fusion of the androgen-regulated gene transmembrane protease, serine 2, TMPRSS2, to the v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian), ERG, of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) family is the most common genetic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa).

Objective: To determine whether expression of androgen-regulated TMPRSS2-ERG predicts response to endocrine treatment in hormone-naïve, node-positive PCa.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Eighty-five patients with histologically confirmed, node-positive PCa who were without treatment at the moment of lymph node dissection were analysed.

Reduction of serum prostate-specific antigen levels following varicella-zoster infection and valaciclovir treatment in prostate cancer.

We present two prostate cancer patients, including one with a castration-resistant cancer whose rising serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels showed a remarkable drop after a reactivated varicella-zoster virus infection treated with valaciclovir. In one patient, we found a temporary decrease in serum PSA lasting for at least 4 mo. In the patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer, serum PSA decreased to <0.

Histoplasma-associated inflammatory pseudotumour of the kidney mimicking renal carcinoma.

A 56-year-old female, originally from Suriname, with an otherwise unremarkable previous medical history was found to have a renal mass highly suspicious for renal cancer for which a nephrectomy was performed. Within the kidney, a tumourous mass was found which, on histological examination, showed an inflammatory pseudotumour caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Further investigations revealed an idiopathic CD4(+) lymphopenia.

Histopathological characteristics of lymph node metastases predict cancer-specific survival in node-positive prostate cancer.

Objective: To correlate the histopathological characteristics of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer with cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Patients And Methods: The histopathological slides from 142 patients who had had a pelvic lymph node dissection for node-positive prostate cancer were reviewed. For each patient we recorded the number of lymph nodes removed, the number of positive nodes, the diameter of the largest metastasis and extranodal extension (ENE).

Tubular and interstitial nephrocalcinosis.

Purpose: We determined whether nephrocalcinosis is common and whether its detection is influenced by renal tissue processing.

Materials And Methods: Renal cortical and papillary tissue was obtained from the unaffected parts of 15 kidneys removed due to an oncological indication. The effect of tissue processing on the loss of crystals was studied in a kidney with nephrocalcinosis due to chronic pyelonephritis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating renal calculi in children.

Objective: To report our experience with the percutaneous management of renal stone disease in children.

Patients And Methods: The medical and radiological records of children up to 18 years old who were treated for renal calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) at our institution between March 1995 and April 2003 were reviewed. For stone removal a special paediatric 18 F access sheath was used.

Deletion of chromosomal region 6q14-16 in prostate cancer.

A detailed analysis of chromosome 6 in DNAs from prostate cancers was performed, to define a region for subsequent search for cancer genes. DNA from 4 prostate cancer cell lines and 11 xenografts was used for CGH and whole-chromosome allelotyping with polymorphic microsatellite markers. Loss of proximal 6q was studied in more detail by high-density allelotyping of xenografts, cell lines and 19 prostate tumour specimens from TURP.