Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 supplementation modifies the fecal resistome during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.

Background: The gut microbiota is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The use and misuse of antimicrobials can select multi-resistant bacteria and modify the repertoire of ARGs in the gut. Developing effective interventions to manipulate the intestinal resistome would allow us to modify the antimicrobial resistance risk.

Mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase genes in South American Enterobacterales.

Introduction: Carbapenem resistance in members of order Enterobacterales is a growing public health problem causing high mortality in developing and industrialized countries. Its emergence and rapid propagation worldwide was due to both intercontinental spread of pandemic strains and horizontal dissemination via mobile genetic elements (MGE) such as plasmids and transposons.

Objective: To describe MGE carrying carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacterales which have been reported in South America.

Upper airways microbiota in antibiotic-naïve wheezing and healthy infants from the tropics of rural Ecuador.

Background: Observations that the airway microbiome is disturbed in asthma may be confounded by the widespread use of antibiotics and inhaled steroids. We have therefore examined the oropharyngeal microbiome in early onset wheezing infants from a rural area of tropical Ecuador where antibiotic usage is minimal and glucocorticoid usage is absent.

Materials And Methods: We performed pyrosequencing of amplicons of the polymorphic bacterial 16S rRNA gene from oropharyngeal samples from 24 infants with non-infectious early onset wheezing and 24 healthy controls (average age 10.