Review of Low-Cost 3D Bioprinters: State of the Market and Observed Future Trends.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become mainstream for precise and repeatable high-throughput fabrication of complex cell cultures and tissue constructs in drug testing and regenerative medicine, food products, dental and medical implants, biosensors, and so forth. Due to this tremendous growth in demand, an overwhelming amount of hardware manufacturers have recently flooded the market with different types of low-cost bioprinter models-a price segment that is most affordable to typical-sized laboratories. These machines range in sophistication, type of the underlying printing technology, and possible add-ons/features, which makes the selection process rather daunting (especially for a nonexpert customer).

Automated Addressable Microfluidic Device for Minimally Disruptive Manipulation of Cells and Fluids within Living Cultures.

Cell culturing experiments are ubiquitous to the study of biology, development of new medical treatments, and the biomanufacturing industry. However, there are still major technological barriers limiting the advancement of knowledge and ballooning the experimental costs associated with these systems. For example, currently, it is difficult to perform nondisruptive monitoring and control of the cells in the cultured samples.