Quantitative Neuromuscular Blockade Monitoring: Two Pictures of Unexpected Rocuronium Effect: A Case Report.

Wide variation in responses to neuromuscular blocking agents is well described but typically underappreciated in clinical practice. We present 2 patients with unexpected responses to rocuronium, despite being otherwise unremarkable. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring provided clear documentation of the events, providing illustrations of these atypical responses.

An automated algorithm for determining respiratory rate by photoplethysmogram in children.

Background: We have developed an automated algorithm to allow the measurement of respiratory rate directly from the photoplethysmogram (pulse oximeter waveform).

Aim: To test the algorithm's ability to determine respiratory rate in children.

Methods: A convenience sample of patients attending a paediatric Accident and Emergency Department was monitored using a purpose-built pulse oximeter and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) recorded.

A fully automated algorithm for the determination of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram.

Objective: To determine if an automatic algorithm using wavelet analysis techniques can be used to reliably determine respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram (PPG).

Methods: Photoplethysmograms were obtained from 12 spontaneously breathing healthy adult volunteers. Three related wavelet transforms were automatically polled to obtain a measure of respiratory rate.

Bradykinin antagonists have no analgesic effect on incisional pain.

Bradykinin, an endogenous nonapeptide and an important mediator of inflammation, is also implicated in the initiation and maintenance of pain. Both des-Arg(8), Leu(8)-bradykinin (dALBK) and HOE-140, the prototypic bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists, respectively, have been shown to reduce pain behaviors and inflammation in animal models of persistent nociception. We studied them for activity against incision-induced pain behaviors in a rat model for postoperative pain.

Is measurement of capillary refill time useful as part of the initial assessment of children?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the usefulness of capillary refill time when measured during the initial assessment of children.

Methods: All children with spontaneous illness attending a paediatric accident and emergency department over a 7-month period were eligible for entry into the study. Capillary refill time was measured at the fingertip, using a standard technique, as part of the initial assessment.