Single-stranded DNA scanning and deamination by APOBEC3G cytidine deaminase at single molecule resolution.

APOBEC3G (Apo3G) is a single-stranded (ss)DNA cytosine deaminase that eliminates HIV-1 infectivity by converting C → U in numerous small target motifs on the minus viral cDNA. Apo3G deaminates linear ssDNA in vitro with pronounced spatial asymmetry favoring the 3' → 5' direction. A similar polarity observed in vivo is believed responsible for initiating localized C → T mutational gradients that inactivate the virus.

Roles of Rev1, Pol zeta, Pol32 and Pol eta in the bypass of chromosomal abasic sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Translesion synthesis (TLS) on DNA is a process by which potentially cytotoxic replication-blocking lesions are bypassed, but at the risk of increased mutagenesis. The exact in vivo role of the individual TLS enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been difficult to determine from previous studies due to differing results from the variety of systems used. We have generated a series of S.