Publications by authors named "Paudel U"

Cooperatives play a vital role in rural and agricultural development within value chains. They employ 279 million worldwide, and the top 300 earned $2.1 trillion in 2019, ranking as the 10th largest economy if considered a country.

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  • Human-wildlife conflicts in western Nepal, particularly involving elephants, leopards, and tigers, lead to human casualties and a negative perception of conservation efforts.
  • A study analyzed 76 incidents of human deaths and injuries from 2019 to 2023, finding that tigers were responsible for 75% of attacks, predominantly occurring near forest edges during the day.
  • To improve coexistence, strategies such as community patrols, habitat restoration, electric fencing, and insurance for local farmers were recommended to mitigate future conflicts.
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  • In Nepal, a study looked at rare skin cancers called Primary cutaneous lymphomas to learn more about them.
  • The researchers reviewed patient records from a dermatology center, finding 12 cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2020, mostly affecting older adults.
  • They discovered that T-cell lymphomas were more common than B-cell lymphomas, and sadly, three patients died during the study period.
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Medical students are subjected to various stressors throughout their training, which has a considerable impact on their physical and mental health. Some students have positive ways of coping, while others take to maladaptive coping measures. This study aims to assess severity, sources of stress, and coping strategies among medical students of a non-Western low-income country from South Asia.

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The agriculture sector has undergone a remarkable revolution known as Agriculture 5.0 (Ag 5.0), emphasizing digital technology to boost efficiency and profitability of farm business.

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Endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria Ca transfer is important for cancer cell survival, but the role of mitochondrial Ca uptake through the mitochondrial Ca uniporter (MCU) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poorly understood. Here, we show that increased MCU expression is associated with malignancy and poorer outcomes in PDAC patients. In isogenic murine PDAC models, deletion ( ) ablated mitochondrial Ca uptake, which reduced proliferation and inhibited self-renewal.

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Genitourinary fistulas are a well-recognized complication of various gynecological, obstetrical, and endourological interventions. The incidence of uretero-uterine fistula is very rare compared to other genitourinary fistulas. Few cases are reported in literature regarding the uretero- uterine fistula following manual vacuum aspiration of retained product of placenta.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a neuromuscular disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The diagnostic yield in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) is typically ∼80%-95%, of which at least 60% is due to the PMP22 gene duplication. The remainder of CMT1 is more genetically heterogeneous.

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  • The study focuses on the care and health outcomes of infants born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the early COVID-19 pandemic, particularly studying a cohort of 216 infants in NYC hospitals discharged between March and December 2020.
  • Researchers aimed to gather data on parental experiences related to home care, healthcare access, and the infants' health between 6 to 12 months old through phone interviews and medical records.
  • Results revealed that a significant portion of infants had emergency room visits, with a few testing positive for COVID-19, while many mothers faced challenges in fully implementing recommended infection control practices at home.
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Limited evidence exists on the costs of scaled-up multisectoral nutrition programmes. Such evidence is crucial to assess intervention value and affordability. Evidence is also lacking on the opportunity costs of implementers and participants engaging in community-level interventions.

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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in Nepal. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco products remains high. Taxes on these products are significantly below the rate recommended by the WHO.

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The mitochondrial uniporter (MCU) Ca ion channel represents the primary means for Ca uptake by mitochondria. Mitochondrial matrix Ca plays critical roles in mitochondrial bioenergetics by impinging upon respiration, energy production and flux of biochemical intermediates through the TCA cycle. Inhibition of MCU in oncogenic cell lines results in an energetic crisis and reduced cell proliferation unless media is supplemented with nucleosides, pyruvate or α-KG.

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Temperature strongly influences the intensity of taste, but it remains understudied despite its physiological, hedonic, and commercial implications. The relative roles of the peripheral gustatory and somatosensory systems innervating the oral cavity in mediating thermal effects on taste sensation and perception are poorly understood. Type II taste-bud cells, responsible for sensing sweet, bitter umami, and appetitive NaCl, release neurotransmitters to gustatory neurons by the generation of action potentials, but the effects of temperature on action potentials and the underlying voltage-gated conductances are unknown.

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The mitochondrial uniporter (MCU) Ca ion channel represents the primary means for Ca uptake into mitochondria. Here we employed and models with MCU genetically eliminated to understand how MCU contributes to tumor formation and progression. Transformation of primary fibroblasts was associated with increased MCU expression, enhanced mitochondrial Ca uptake, suppression of inactivating-phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a modest increase of basal mitochondrial respiration and a significant increase of acute Ca -dependent stimulation of mitochondrial respiration.

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of, and understand the factors associated with, hypertension among the nomadic Raute hunter-gatherers of Western Nepal.

Design: A mixed-method study.

Setting: The study was carried out at Raute temporary campsites in the Surkhet District of Karnali Province between May and September 2021.

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Primary Renal hydatid cyst is a rare entity. We report a case of isolated right renal hydatid cyst in a 13-year-old female who presented with pain in the right lumbar region for 4-5 months and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. The radiological features were suggestive of a hydatid cyst in the right kidney with no cyst in the liver, lungs, or left kidney.

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  • CALHM family ion channels, particularly CALHM6, are involved in ATP release at neuronal synapses, functioning as a neurotransmitter and influencing immune cell communication.
  • Research on Calhm6 mice indicates that CALHM6 is crucial for early immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes by facilitating ATP release at macrophage-NK cell synapses and regulating NK cell activation.
  • CALHM6 expression in macrophages is modulated by pathogen signals and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and it forms an ion channel that contributes to understanding how immune cells communicate and coordinate their responses.
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Genitogluteal porokeratosis is a rare localized disorder of keratinization. Due to the rarity of the case and non-specific keratotic lesion, it is often misdiagnosed until a histological examination is performed. Treatment of this condition can be challenging, which comprises various topical and systemic drugs, lasers, cryotherapy, phototherapy, and also surgical intervention.

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Background: Current literatures seem devoted only on relating climate change with malaria. Overarching all possible environmental determinants of malaria prevalence addressed by scanty literature in Nepal is found apposite research at this moment. This study aims to explore the environmental determinants of malaria prevalence in western Nepal.

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Background: Excessive weight loss enhances the incidence of neonatal hypernatremic dehydration (NHD). We compared the effect of a new breastfeeding policy against an old breastfeeding policy on neonatal weight change and the incidence of NHD.

Methods: This was a QA project between two sets of breastfeeding (BF) protocols for exclusively BF newborns.

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Industry 4.0 (I4.0) mainly focuses on manufacturing technology and processes that comprise a cyber-physical system (CPS), Internet of things (IoT), Industrial Internet of things (IIOT), Cognitive Computing and Artificial intelligence as innovation towards the computerization and exchange of information.

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  • The GBD 2019 study systematically estimated the global cancer burden, providing data on incidence, mortality, and disability to help address cancer worldwide.
  • In 2019, an estimated 23.6 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths occurred globally, marking significant increases in rates since 2010, with cancer becoming a leading cause of both death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
  • The impact of cancer varied across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, with higher SDI areas seeing more new cases, while middle SDI areas experienced more deaths and DALYs, highlighting disparities in cancer burden.
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Background: Early adolescence is an important period of the life cycle wherein the food system plays a critical role in protecting food security as well as the nutritional needs essential for a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood. Despite the surging concerns regarding the food and nutrition security of adolescents throughout the nation, people in a poor neighborhood are often neglected and considered the most vulnerable.

Objectives: This research aims to assess the status of household food security and nutritional status among early adolescents living in a poor neighborhood of Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Photonic reservoir computers (RC) come in single mode ring and multimode array geometries. We propose and simulate a photonic RC architecture using speckle in a multimode waveguide ring resonator that requires neither the ultra-high-speed analog-digital conversion nor the spatial light modulator used in other designs. We show that the equations for propagation around a multimode (MM) ring resonator along with an optical nonlinearity, and optical feedback can be cast exactly in the standard RC form with speckle mixing performing the pseudo-random matrix multiplications.

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Background: Genome wide association study identified hedgehog interacting protein gene (HHIP) variants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Loss of HHIP, a key regulator of the hedgehog signaling pathway, leads to impaired lung morphogenesis and lethality in animal models, through unimpeded sonic hedgehog expression blocking mesenchymal-expressed fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). Since bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is also associated with altered lung development and worsens with stimuli including mechanical ventilation, reactive oxygen species, and inflammation, HHIP and FGF10 may be candidate genes.

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