A case of acute labyrinthitis due to intra-aural tick infestation: a case report.

Background: Intra-aural tick infestations, though uncommon, pose a serious clinical challenge owing to the risk of acute labyrinthitis-an inflammatory condition of the inner ear. This inflammation can lead to severe complications such as sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve palsy. Prompt recognition and management are crucial to prevent these adverse outcomes.

Newborn morbidities and care procedures at the special newborn care units of Gandaki Province, Nepal: a retrospective study.

Background: Despite recent improvements in the overall health status of Nepal's population, newborn morbidities and mortalities have remained a challenge. This study explores the situation and care strategies for newborn health problems in the Gandaki Province of Nepal.

Methods: This is a retrospective hospital records analysis.

Processed Dietary Fiber Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Increases Susceptibility to Colitis and Colon Tumorigenesis in Mice.

The vital role of naturally occurring dietary fibers (DFs) in maintaining intestinal health has fueled the incorporation of isolated DFs into processed foods. A select group of soluble DFs, such as partially hydrolyzed guar gum (Phgg), are being promoted as dietary supplements to meet recommended DF intake. However, the potential effects of regular consumption of these processed DFs on gastrointestinal health remain largely unknown.

Diagnostic uncertainties in congenital syphilis: A case report.

Congenital syphilis is a forgotten disease, and often misdiagnosed. It can present with a myriad of clinical features, mimicking various other conditions therefore posing difficulty in diagnosis. Patient may be born preterm with low birth weight, failure to thrive with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis.

Pulmonary embolism incidence among patient admitted under psychiatry department: a case-control study.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Identifying risk factors and diagnostic markers can aid in the early detection and management of this condition.

Methods: This case-control study examined 10,077 patients admitted to Shenzhen Kangning Hospital's psychiatry facility in 2020.

First Report of Bean Leafroll Virus in Pea and Chickpea, in Canada.

Bean leafroll virus (BLRV; Bean leafroll virus), a single-stranded RNA virus in the genus Luteovirus, is phloem-limited and primarily transmitted by aphids in a non-propagative, persistent manner (Rashed et al., 2018; Kidanemariam and Abraham, 2023). BLRV infects various legumes and has been reported from major pulse-growing regions worldwide (Agindotan et al.

Role of Prophylactics Antibiotics in Clean Head and Neck Surgery in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Background: Surgical site infections are well recognized complications of any surgical procedures. In head and neck surgeries, prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used to prevent Surgical site infections, in contaminated and clean contaminated procedures. Guidelines advised against routine antibiotics use in clean surgeries, but in our setting, non-compliance is frequent, resulting excessive antibiotics use.

Effects of Leaf Extract (LAURESH) on Oral and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Mice.

Background/aim: The leaves of Laurus nobilis have been used for culinary purposes for many years and have recently been shown to have beneficial effects on human health by altering microbiota composition. However, the effects of L. nobilis on the diversity of microbiomes in the oral cavity and gut remain unknown.

Gastrointestinal microbiota-directed nutritional and therapeutic interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities and challenges.

Evidence-based research has confirmed the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in regulating intestinal inflammation. These data have generated interest in developing microbiota-based therapies for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite in-depth understanding of the etiology of IBD, it currently lacks a cure and requires ongoing management.

Dietary fiber guar gum-induced shift in gut microbiota metabolism and intestinal immune activity enhances susceptibility to colonic inflammation.

With an increasing interest in dietary fibers (DFs) to promote intestinal health and the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, there is a continued rise in the incorporation of refined DFs in processed foods. It is still unclear how refined fibers, such as guar gum, affect the gut microbiota activity and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study elucidated the effect and underlying mechanisms of guar gum, a fermentable DF (FDF) commonly present in a wide range of processed foods, on colitis development.

Plant necrotrophic bacterial disease resistance phenotypes, QTL, and metabolites identified through integrated genetic mapping and metabolomics in species.

Most food crops are susceptible to necrotrophic bacteria that cause rotting and wilting diseases in fleshy organs and foods. All varieties of cultivated potato ( L.) are susceptible to diseases caused by species, but resistance has been demonstrated in wild potato relatives including .

Standards of care and determinants of women's satisfaction with delivery services in Nepal: a multi-perspective analysis using data from a health facility-based survey.

Background: Compliance with standards of care is required for sustained improvement in the quality of delivery services. It thus represents a key challenge to improving maternal survival and meeting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. This study examines the extent to which normal low-risk health facility deliveries in Nepal meet the standards of quality of care and assesses the effect of the standards of quality of care and various contextual factors on women's satisfaction with the services they receive.

Emergency obstetric and newborn care signal functions: The situation in health facilities in Nepal between 2015 and 2021.

Expanding access to facility-based delivery services and improving the functionality of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) are important strategies toward achieving a maternal mortality ratio of 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. In this study the researchers assess signal functions at designated facilities in Nepal, using Nepal Health Facility Survey data for 2015 and 2021. The functionality of basic and comprehensive EmONC sites was low, declining over the six-year period.

Diet-Induced Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression and Dysregulates the Plasma Metabolome in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice.

Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or the accumulation of the intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including the activity of several enzymes and adequate levels of their coenzymes, including pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and methylcobalamin (vitamin B12).

Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis augmented gingival epithelial barrier molecules alteration with aging.

Objective: Disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier is often mediated by aging or the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study examined the combined effects of aging and P. gingivalis exposure on gingival epithelial barrier molecules.

Bile salt hydrolase catalyses formation of amine-conjugated bile acids.

Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce amino acid bile acid amidates that can affect host-mediated metabolic processes; however, the bacterial gene(s) responsible for their production remain unknown. Herein, we report that bile salt hydrolase (BSH) possesses dual functions in bile acid metabolism. Specifically, we identified a previously unknown role for BSH as an amine N-acyltransferase that conjugates amines to bile acids, thus forming bacterial bile acid amidates (BBAAs).

Transcriptomic analysis of the submandibular gland under psychological stress condition.

Background: Psychological stress is associated with changes in salivary flow and composition. However, studies to show the effect of psychological stress on the transcriptome of the salivary gland are limited. This study aims to perform a transcriptomic analysis of the submandibular gland under psychological stress using a chronic restraint stress model of rats.

Changes in health facility readiness for obstetric and neonatal care services in Nepal: an analysis of cross-sectional health facility survey data in 2015 and 2021.

Background: Nepal is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 target 3.1 of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Along with increasing access to health facility (HF)-based delivery services, improving HF readiness is critically important.

Transcriptome analysis of Lantana camara flower petals reveals candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes mediating red flower color development.

Flower color plays a crucial role in the appeal and selection of ornamental plants, directly influencing breeding strategies and the broader horticulture industry. Lantana camara, a widely favored flowering shrub, presents a rich palette of flower colors. Yet, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this color variation in the species have remained largely unidentified.

Ingenuity pathway analysis of gingival epithelial cells stimulated with estradiol and progesterone.

Objective: Periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm delivery, and elevated female hormone levels during pregnancy promote hormone-dependent periodontopathogenic bacterial growth and gingivitis. Although the saliva of pregnant women contains female hormones at elevated levels, their effects on the gingiva are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of estradiol and progesterone stimulation on gingival epithelial cells via ingenuity pathway analysis.

Factors influencing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of police personnel toward dengue fever in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Objective: Dengue fever is a significant public health problem in Nepal, and police personnel are considered to play a crucial role in preventing and controlling dengue fever. This study aimed to assess the factors that influence the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of police personnel toward dengue in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 422 police personnel, where data were collected using self-administered questionnaires.

Refined fiber inulin promotes inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis by modulating microbial succinate production.

Background And Aim: There is an increased risk of colon cancer associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary fibers (DFs) naturally present in vegetables and whole grains offer numerous beneficial effects on intestinal health. However, the effects of refined DFs on intestinal health remain unclear.

Elucidating the effects of organic vs. conventional cropping practice and rhizobia inoculation on rhizosphere microbial diversity and yield of peanut.

Legumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogea) can fulfill most of their nitrogen requirement by symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia. Nutrient availability is largely determined by microbial diversity and activity in the rhizosphere that influences plant health, nutrition, and crop yield, as well as soil quality and soil fertility. However, our understanding of the complex effects of microbial diversity and rhizobia inoculation on crop yields of different peanut cultivars under organic versus conventional farming systems is extremely limited.

Outcomes of Microvascular Free Flap Reconstruction after Major Head and Neck Ablative Surgery at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Background Reconstruction with free flaps has significantly changed the outcome of patients with head and neck cancer. Microsurgery is still considered a specialized procedure and is not routinely performed in the resource-constrained environment of developing country like Nepal. Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients who underwent different microvascular free flap reconstructions of head and neck defects after major ablative surgery.