[Ten years of nurse consultation at the pediatric emergency department].

The Nurse consultation (CI) was implemented in 2013 at the emergency department of the Lausanne Children's Hospital. It offers medical delegated care for children aged three to 18. Ten years after its implementation, this article takes stock of its progress.

Guidelines for reducing the environmental impact of general anaesthesia.

Objective: To provide guidelines for reducing the environmental impact of general anaesthesia.

Design: A committee of ten experts from SFAR and SF2H and SFPC learned societies was set up. A policy of declaration of competing interests was applied and observed throughout the guideline-writing process.

Off-label use of psychotropic drugs in a Swiss paediatric service: similar results from two different cohort studies.

Background: The high off-label use of drugs in paediatric patients raises questions on the efficacy and safety when prescribing psychotropic drugs. In our studies, we aimed to characterise the use of psychotropic drugs in the paediatric service of a tertiary hospital and quantify the proportion of off-label prescriptions with respect to age, indication and dosage recommendations approved in Switzerland, France and the USA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (RCS) that included hospitalised patients from 1 December 2017, to 28 June 2018 with at least one PD prescription (n = 74) and a prospective cohort study (PCS) that included those hospitalised from 29 June 2018, to 30 November 2018 with at least one psychotropic drug prescription (n = 37).

Pain evaluation after day-surgery using a mobile phone application.

Introduction: Few studies assess postoperative outcomes after discharge in the ambulatory setting. The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative pain and adverse effects at 24 h and at 7 days after day surgery using an e-health follow-up smartphone-based application named SATELIA®.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, observational and monocentric cohort study was conducted at the University Hospital of Bordeaux.

Prevalence and risk factors of lactic acidosis in children with acute moderate and severe asthma, a prospective observational study.

Lactic acidosis is a common complication of status asthmaticus in adults. However, data is sparse in children. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lactic acidosis in children hospitalised for acute moderate or severe asthma.

Risk factors for urinary tract infections in children aged 0-36months presenting with fever without source and evaluated for risk of serious bacterial infections.

Background: Children younger than 36 months with fever without a source (FWS) are at risk of serious bacterial infections (SBI). The risk of occult bacteremia (OB) has been greatly reduced in vaccinated children. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of SBI in children with FWS in our setting and to evaluate the performance of our management algorithm.

Efficacy and safety of rapid tests to guide antibiotic prescriptions for sore throat.

Background: Sore throat is a common condition caused by viruses or bacteria, and is a leading cause of antibiotic prescription in primary care. The most common bacterial species is group A streptococcus ('strep throat'). Between 50% to 70% of pharyngitis cases are treated with antibiotics, despite the majority of cases being viral in origin.

Inhalation technique practical skills and knowledge among physicians and nurses in two pediatric emergency settings.

Correct technique with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) equipped with a valved holding chamber (VHC) or spacer provides an important advantage for adequate control of asthma and virus-induced wheezing in young children. The aim of this study was to assess the ability and knowledge of physicians and nurses to use a pMDI with a masked VHC in two pediatric emergency units. Study design: Two-center observational study.

Nebulised hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis: a randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: To investigate whether nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) treatment would decrease length of hospital stay (LOS) among infants with moderate-to severe-bronchiolitis compared with standard supportive care (SC).

Methods: We conducted an open, multicentre, randomised clinical trial from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2016, in Swiss children's hospitals. Patients aged 6 weeks to 24 months with a primary diagnosis of moderate or severe bronchiolitis were included.

[The challenges of sustainable development in healthcare facilities].

Healthcare and medical-social facilities have a major responsibility within society, that of the quality of care, but also that of developing a system of sustainable and socially-responsible health. This system must meet the three pillars which constitute such an approach: economic, social and environmental sustainability. Innovation remains central to the sustainable evolution of practices and the first results are now visible.

Clinical signs of hypoxaemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute respiratory distress in Switzerland and Senegal.

Background: Hypoxaemia is a predictor of pneumonia-related mortality. WHO published recommendations for oxygen therapy based on clinical signs which state that, when oxygen is plentiful, it should be given to children with central cyanosis, inability to drink, severe chest indrawing, RR >70 breaths/min, grunting with every breath (in young infants) or those who display head nodding. These guidelines, however, are based on a few studies only.

[Novelties 2016 in pediatrics].

Nutrition is central in pediatric care : essential for growth and development, it plays also a role in the prevention of many diseases.Even if breastfeeding is highly recommended, its implementation may be difficult in particular for premature and ill newborns. The creation of a specific unit for breastfeeding support in neonatology allows to help mothers willing to nurse and to improve the rate of breastfeeding for these vulnerable infants.

Avoidance of voiding cystourethrography in infants younger than 3 months with urinary tract infection and normal renal ultrasound.

Background And Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents the most common bacterial infection in infants, and its prevalence increases with the presence of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is invasive, and its indication in infants <3 months is not yet defined. This study aims to investigate, in infants aged 0-3 months, if the presence of versus non- bacteria and/or normal or abnormal renal ultrasound (US) could avoid the use of VCUG.

Is It Ovarian Torsion? A Systematic Literature Review and Evaluation of Prediction Signs.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify, through systematic literature review, the most reliable clinical, biological, and radiological signs of ovarian torsion in the pediatric population and to compare their diagnostic value.

Methods: This is a systematic review of the literature, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases for articles published between January 1990 and January 2014.

Results: From the 946 references initially identified, 14 retrospective publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 663 episodes of ovarian torsion.

[Which maintenance intravenous fluid in paediatrics in 2015?].

For 50 years, hypotonic solutions have been used as liquid of maintenance in paediatrics owing to the article of Holliday and Segar. For two decades, studies have shown that these hypotonic fluids can foster the acquisition of hyponatremias. The most recent literature data (meta-analysis and randomized studies) confirm that hypotonic fluids are not suitable for children hospitalized with surgical or medical problems.

Which clinical signs predict hypoxaemia in young Senegalese children with acute lower respiratory tract disease?

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract diseases are an important cause of mortality in children in resource-limited settings. In the absence of pulse oximetry, clinicians rely on clinical signs to detect hypoxaemia.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of clinical signs of hypoxaemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute lower respiratory tract disease.

Iron deficiency in infancy: is an immigrant more at risk?

Questions Under Study: Iron deficiency with or without anaemia is the most common deficiency in the world. Its prevalence is higher in developing countries and in low socioeconomic populations. We aimed at determining and comparing the prevalence of iron deficiency in an immigrant and non-immigrant population.

[How to treat pediatric fever in 2013 with little evidence-based?].

Treatment of pediatric fever is based on two main molecules, paracetamol and ibuprofen. Fever should be treated when associated with discomfort. The two molecules have almost similar efficacy and safety.

[Pediatrics. Using the McIsaac score for the indication of rapid diagnostic testing in children with streptococcal pharyngitis].

The McIsaac scoring system is a tool designed to predict the probability of streptococcal pharyngitis in children aged 3 to 17 years with a sore throat. Although it does not allow the physician to make the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, it enables to identify those children with a sore throat in whom rapid antigen detection tests have a good predictive value.

[Pediatrics].

Several preliminary studies suggest that prophylactic administration of probiotics reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants, and several neonatology units have introduced this treatment under strict surveillance. Nonetheless, breast milk feeding remains the mainstay of NEC prevention. The beta-blocker propranolol, known for its effectiveness on cutaneous hemangiomas, is also proving useful for the treatment of subglottic or visceral hemangiomas.

A novel mutation of the NDUFS7 gene leads to activation of a cryptic exon and impaired assembly of mitochondrial complex I in a patient with Leigh syndrome.

Complex I deficiency is a frequent cause of mitochondrial disease as it accounts for one third of these disorders. By genotyping several putative disease loci using microsatellite markers we were able to describe a new NDUFS7 mutation in a consanguineous family with Leigh syndrome and isolated complex I deficiency. This mutation lies in the first intron of the NDUFS7 gene (c.