Microplastics are tiny plastic fragments found in everyday products, particularly cosmetics, which have harmful effects on both marine and land organisms.
This review focuses on understanding the sources, spread, and breakdown of microplastics in aquatic environments, along with the factors that influence this biodegradation process.
The paper also explores engineering techniques in microbial biotechnology, highlighting genetic engineering methods for plastic degradation and addressing the challenges faced in plastic removal based on recent studies.