Phytopathogenic Bacteria in Contemporary Agriculture.

Purpose: To study ecology, morphology, ultrastructure and biochemical characteristics of phytopathogenic bacteria; to determine bacterial diseases of plants and the patterns of their occurrence and development of the infectious process, to develop the mechanisms for plant disease control.

Methods: Microbiological, physiological, biochemical, statistical.

Results: Bacterial diseases of agricultural crops and related weeds and their causative agents in different cropping systems were described.

[Physiology of Growth Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens for the Effects of Pesticides].

Aim: The aim of this work was to study the growth of the basal bacteriosis pathogen of wheat and determination the physiological changes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens cells, during application of pesticides in the culture medium.

Methods: The work carried out using classic microbiological methods, electron microscopy, electrophoresis, SDS PAGE.

[THE SENSITIVITY OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA TO STREPTOMYCIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES].

The results of the streptomycin sensitivity changes of phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens bacteria under the action of pesticides are pre- sented. It is demonstrated that phytopathogenic strains show greater changes of strepto- mycin sensitivity compared to epiphytic Pantoea agglomerans strain under the pesticides influence. Granstar herbicide, Tviks and Alpha Super insecticides increase the number of streptomycin resistant cells of Xanthomonas translucens 3164, P syringae pv.

[Influence of different adhesive composition on sporulation and protein synthesis by Bacillus thuringiensis collection strains].

The influence of different sticky-gene composition on sporulation and protein synthesis by B. thuringiensis collection strains has been investigated. It has been detemined that the most effective according this characteristics were B.

[Microbial biom of different soils and soil-climatic zones of Poltava region].

Researches of microbiological diversity of soil on natural grassland and farmland in conditions of soil- climatic zones of Poltava oblast were conducted. General microbiological activities of soil (intensity of linen decomposition, %), numerosity of the main ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms, numerosity of fungi were detected. Coefficients of mineralization-mobilization, pedotroficity, oligotrophicity were calculated in accordance with correlation of the main ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms.

[Erwinia amylovora--the fire blight pathogen of trees in Ukraine].

Niduses of fire blight of fruit and ornamental trees have been found in the Kyiv and Vinnitsa regions of Ukraine. Pathogen Erwinia amylovora was isolated between April and October. The pathogen was often accompanied by bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv.

[REP-PCR analysis of rapa's bacterial diseases agents].

BOX, ERIC and REP--genomic fingerprints of 12 isolated and 10 typical pathogenic for rape bacterial strains Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Pectobacterium genera have been analyzed. The affinity of isolated strains with representatives of P. marginalis pv.

[Sinorhizobium meliloti strains screening for efficient bactarization of Melilotus albus Medik].

The data presents about analytical selection of root nodule bacteria of Melilotus to obtain bacterial fertilizer under sweet clover, presowing inoculation of it seeds and form a legume-rhizobial effective symbiosis. From natural melilot population a number of new strains had been allocated, inoculation of them was contributed to an increase of height. biomass Melilotus albus Medik.

Ability of strain Pseudomonas fluorescens P 10 to colonize Brassica capitata var.alba Lizg.

By using the method which has been developed for isolation and studying of microorganism strains, associative to particular plant species, the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens P10 has been isolated and its features of colonization of cabbage plant organs has been studied. In this study, different colonizing abilities of the strain are shown depending on the site of its isolation during germination and development of plants from inoculated seeds Brassica capitata var. alba Lizg.

Phytopathogenic bacteria in the system of modern agriculture.

The stages of studying bacterial diseases of crops and weeds at various farming systems have been characterized, biological properties have been investigated and pathogens identified using traditional and modern molecular genetic methods of research.

[Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens is the agent of bacterial disease of soybean].

A new phytopathogen has been identified and investigated as a result of ecosystem monitoring of bacterial soybean diseases in Ukraine which is identified as Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens according to its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The pathogen is highly aggressive to soybean and can potentially be a threat of infection to other legumes.

[Pseudomonas syringae - the agent of bacterial diseases of weeds].

The symptoms of bacterial diseases of the associated weeds have been identified and described in the wheat crops grown in different farming systems. On the basis of its morphological, biochemical and serological properties the agent isolated from frost-blite, barnyard grass, wild radish, couch grass, bottle-brush, bindweed and sow thistle has been identified as Pseudomonas syringae. Serological affinity between the weed bacteria and the agent of bacterial diseases of cereals has been established.

[Soil microbiological monitoring of natural and transformed ecosystems in the trans-Carpathian region of Ukraine].

Results of soil microbiological monitoring of virgin forests and transformed ecosystems are analyzed and generalized. It is shown, that the number of main ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms varies with the height of forest massive and level of anthropogenic load. The level of biological activity of all studied transformed ecosystems was the lowest in the soil of territories directly adjacent to the railroad and highway.

[Bacterial diseases of rape].

Bacterial destruction of the culture was described and its agents identified in the spring and winter rape crops. Typical symptoms are the following: browning of stem tissue and its mucilagization, chlorosis of leaves, yellowing and beginning of soft rot in the place of leaf stalks affixion to stems, loss of pigmentation (violet). Pathogenic properties of the collection strains and morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties of the agents of rape's bacterial diseases isolated by the authors have been investigated.

[Role of biocompatible adhesives in the increase of rhizobia physiological activity and productivity of soybean-rhizobia symbiosis].

On the basis of natural exopolysaccharide xanthan and exopolyacrylamide the sticky-gene composition has been developed. Addition of that composition to the culture medium provided a 26.3 times higher viability of Bradyrhizobium japonicum UCM B-6035 cells during its storage.

[Basal bacteriosis of wheat and influence of agrotechnical methods on its spread].

Monitoring of bacterial diseases of wheat was conducted allowing for different doses of mineral fertilizers and crops predecessors. It is shown that symptoms of development of the basic disease of wheat, which is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens, varied depending on agrotechnical methods, stages of plant growth and environmental factors.

[Species composition of agents of the horsetail common (Equisetum arvense L.) bacteriosises].

Bacterial diseases of weeds horsetail common (Equisetum arvense L.) were revealed in the crops of wheat and soya in the fields of Kyiv and Vinnitsia Regions of Ukraine. The distinctive symptoms of bacterial affections on the root neck, on stalks of vegetative and spore shoots, on twigs were brown, dark brown or almost black necrotic spots of oblong form.

[Effect of biopreparations on dynamics of the number of bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi in potato agroecosystem].

Application of biological preparations such as Phytotsid and Planryz favoures the growth of the general number of soil's bacteria population compared with control by 13.0-36.1% in the variant of potato variety Scarbnytsya and by 4.

[Phytopathogenic bacteria of couch-grass in the crops of wheat].

Bacterialdiseases of weeds in the crops of wheat on the fields of Kyiv and Vinnytsya regions of Ukraine Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski Agropyrum repens L. were revealed.

[Identification of Azospirillum genus bacteria isolated from the spring wheat root zone].

Bacteria with high N2-fixing activity were isolated from the root zone of spring wheat grown on leach chernozem and soddy podzolic soil in Ukrainian marshy woodlands. They were characterized by phenotypic signs and investigated with the help of molecular-genetic methods. On the basis of diagnostic signs the investigated strains were referred to Azospirillum brasilense from Azospirillum genus.

[Biological diversity of soybean nodule bacteria in soils of Ukraine].

The strains of soybean nodule bacteria (n = 140) were allocated from the nodules of soybean which grew up on six soil types. For the first time the strains with intensive growth have been discovered among the microsymbionts of soybean. It is established that these strains were highly specific for the host-plant, but were different in morphology, growth-rate, accumulation of the extracellular polysaccharides, antibiotics sensitivity and ability for using carbohydrates.

[Department of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria: the past and the present].

Basic trends of the Department since the time of its foundation and till the present have been analyzed. The main attention was given the study of bacteria-agents ofplant diseases, their biological properties and ecological role, relationships with epiphytic and endophytic microflora, detection of their new ecological niches, with the use of traditional and modern molecular-genetic methods of research. Possible spheres of application of biopolymers of phytopathogenic bacteria have been considered.

[Role of Linum usitatissimum L. in formation of microbic communities of podzol soils].

Features of Linum usitatissimum L. influence on structure and biological activity of soil microorganisms have been studied at different saturation of crop rotations. It was established, that L.

[Adaptation of Chaetomium globosum 3250 Kunze ex Fr. to the rhizosphere of spring wheat and its ability to colonize the root system].

The ability of the natural strain of marsupial fungus Chaetomium globosum 3250 to adapt to the rhizosphere soil of the spring wheat, and to colonize its root system has been studied in the laboratory and field experiments. It is established that C. globosum 3250 adapts to the rhyzosphere soil of culture during vegetative period, actively colonizes the culture root system, forcing the agents of roots rots out of it.

[Antimicrobial properties of bee preparations in ointment form].

High antimicrobial activity apiphytopreparation in the form of the ointments containing pine turpentine, different concentration of propolis (from 4 to 20 %), honey and carotene oil from carrots (ointment N 4) has been. While testing by the method of diffusion in agar all the studied apiphytopreparation suppressed growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Micrococcus luteus, M. roseus.