Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of biomass ash from different power plants in the Upper Rhine Region.

Bottom and fly ash samples from six biomass power plants with different power scales and various flue gas treatment strategies were collected and analyzed in regard to their mineralogical composition, and their bulk major and trace element contents, all of which are of concern for regulations on biomass ash for further utilization. Furthermore, individual ash particles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy to characterize their physicochemical microstructures. Thermal behavior of wood-pellet ash, i.

Polymeric Iodonium Salts to Trigger Free Radical Photopolymerization.

In a significant breakthrough from classical molecular (i.e., nonpolymeric) iodonium salts in light-induced photochemistry, the synthesis and use of new safer polymeric iodonium salts are reported here.

Use of biomass ash from different sources and processes in cement.

Substitution of cement clinker with suitable excess materials from other processes is an effective way to reduce CO emissions of cement production. Moreover, specific properties of the resulting mortar or concrete can be designed with different clinker replacement materials and their mixing ratios. In this study, bottom and fly ashes from six biomass power plants with different power scales and various flue-gas treatment strategies were admixed to mortars, whose properties (influence of water requirement and final compressive strength) were then assessed in the laboratory by following industrial standard procedures.

New Synthetic Route to an Highly Efficient Photoredox Catalyst by Mechanosynthesis.

Photoredox catalysis based on the [Cu(neo)(DPEphos)]BF copper complex allowed getting a significant improvement of the polymerization performances (e.g., thick samples, coatings.

Charge-Transfer Complexes as New Inhibitors/Photoinitiators for On-Demand Amine/Peroxide Redox Polymerization.

Redox free-radical polymerizations have widespread applications but still clearly suffer from poor time control of the reaction. Currently, the workability (delay of the gel time) in redox polymerization after mixing is possible thanks to two main types of inhibitors (radical scavengers): phenols and nitroxides. Out of this trend, we propose in this work an alternative strategy for time delaying of the redox polymerization, which is based on charge-transfer complexes (CTCs).

Carbazole-based compounds as photoinitiators for free radical and cationic polymerization upon near visible light illumination.

Six new carbazole based compounds (Ca1-Ca6) are synthesized and proposed as high performance photoinitiators with iodonium salt (iod) and/or an amine (EDB) for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon near UV and visible light exposure using light emitting diodes (LEDs) @385 nm and @405 nm. Excellent polymerization initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are acquired. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is given.

Characterization and biological effects of ambient air PM from a rural, an industrial and an urban site in Sulaimani City, Iraq.

High urban atmospheric pollution is caused by economic and industrial growth, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess possible relationships between effects on human alveolar epithelial cells of source-related dust types collected at Sulaimani City (Iraq), and to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. A passive sampler was used to collect dust particles at a rural, an industrial and an urban sampling site during July and August 2014.

Novel Carbazole Skeleton-Based Photoinitiators for LED Polymerization and LED Projector 3D Printing.

Radical chemistry is a very convenient way to produce polymer materials. Here, an application of a particular photoinduced radical chemistry is illustrated. Seven new carbazole derivatives - are incorporated and proposed as high performance near-UV photoinitiators for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides utilizing Light Emitting Diodes LEDs @405 nm.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips.

Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) from residential biomass combustion is epidemiologically associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. This study investigates PM emissions from combustion of commercial Miscanthus straw (MS), softwood chips (SWC) and beech wood chips (BWC) in a domestic-scale boiler (40 kW). The PM emitted during combustion of the MS, SWC and BWC were characterized by ICP-MS/OES, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS.