The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy: a prospective study.

Background: Prior studies evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy physical activity (PA) have largely been limited to internet-based surveys not validated for use in pregnancy.

Methods: This study used data from the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire Validation study conducted from 2019-2021. A prospective cohort of 50 pregnant women completed the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire (PPAQ), validated for use in pregnancy, in early, mid, and late pregnancy and wore an ActiGraph GT3X-BT for seven days.

Metrics of Diabetes Risk Are Only Minimally Improved by Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors.

Context: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. How exercise training changes fasting and postglucose insulin resistance in breast cancer survivors is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate exercise-induced changes in postglucose ingestion insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, and their associations with cancer-relevant biomarkers in breast cancer survivors.

A Framework to Evaluate Devices That Assess Physical Behavior.

Body-worn devices that estimate physical behavior have tremendous potential to address key research gaps. However, there is no consensus on how devices and processing methods should be developed and evaluated, resulting in large differences in summary estimates and confusion for end users. We propose a phase-based framework for developing and evaluating devices that emphasizes robust validation studies in naturalistic conditions.

Estimating Sedentary Time from a Hip- and Wrist-Worn Accelerometer.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the validity of existing methods to estimate sedentary behavior (SB) under free-living conditions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (AG).

Methods: Forty-eight young (18-25 yr) adults wore an AG on the right hip and nondominant wrist and were video recorded during four 1-h sessions in free-living settings (home, community, school, and exercise). Direct observation videos were coded for postural orientation, activity type (e.

Elevated insulin levels following 7 days of increased sedentary time are due to lower hepatic extraction and not higher insulin secretion.

Higher insulin following sedentary behavior may be due to increased insulin secretion (IS), decreased hepatic insulin extraction (HIE), or a combination of both. Ten healthy adults completed glucose tolerance tests following 7 days of normal activity and 7 days of increased sitting. There were no differences in IS; however, HIE at 120 min after ingestion (85.

Managing free-living hyperglycemia with exercise or interrupted sitting in type 2 diabetes.

Breaking up sitting with light physical activity (PA) is effective in reducing hyperglycemia in the laboratory. Whether the same effects are observed in the free-living environment remains unknown. We evaluated how daily and postprandial glycemia is impacted by 20, 40, or 60 min of activity performed as either breaks from sitting after each meal (BR) or as one continuous walk after breakfast (WALK).

Influence of Accelerometer Calibration Approach on Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity Estimates for Adults.

Purpose: To compare estimates of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration derived from accelerometers calibrated only to walking and running activities to estimates from calibrations based on a broader range of lifestyle and ambulatory activities.

Methods: In a study of 932 older (50-74 yr) adults we compared MVPA estimates from accelerometer counts based on three ambulatory calibration methods (Freedson 1952 counts per minute; Sasaki 2690 counts per minute; activPAL 3+ METs) to estimates based on calibrations from lifestyle and ambulatory activities combined (Matthews 760 counts per minute; Crouter 3+ METs; Sojourn3x 3+ METs). We also examined data from up to 6 previous-day recalls describing the MVPA in this population.

Physical activity classification with dynamic discriminative methods.

A person's physical activity has important health implications, so it is important to be able to measure aspects of physical activity objectively. One approach to doing that is to use data from an accelerometer to classify physical activity according to activity type (e.g.

Youth Oriented Activity Trackers: Comprehensive Laboratory- and Field-Based Validation.

Background: Commercial activity trackers are growing in popularity among adults and some are beginning to be marketed to children. There is, however, a paucity of independent research examining the validity of these devices to detect physical activity of different intensity levels.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the output from 3 commercial youth-oriented activity trackers in 3 phases: (1) orbital shaker, (2) structured indoor activities, and (3) 4 days of free-living activity.

The activPALTM Accurately Classifies Activity Intensity Categories in Healthy Adults.

Unlabelled: The activPAL (AP) monitor is well established for distinguishing sitting, standing, and stepping time. However, its validity in predicting time in physical activity intensity categories in a free-living environment has not been determined.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the validity of the AP in estimating time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a free-living environment.

Advantages and Limitations of Wearable Activity Trackers: Considerations for Patients and Clinicians.

Background: Exercise, light physical activity, and decreased sedentary time all have been associated with health benefits following cancer diagnoses. Commercially available wearable activity trackers may help patients monitor and self-manage their behaviors to achieve these benefits.

Objectives: This article highlights some advantages and limitations clinicians should be aware of when discussing the use of activity trackers with cancer survivors.

Energy Expenditure for 70 Activities in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Thirty-five percent of the activities assigned MET values in the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth were obtained from direct measurement of energy expenditure (EE). The aim of this study was to provide directly measured EE for several different activities in youth.

Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 178 youths (80 females, 98 males) was first measured.

Utility of Consumer Physical Activity Trackers as an Intervention Tool in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Consumer activity trackers have grown in popularity over the last few years. These devices are typically worn on the hip or wrist and provide the user with information about physical activity measures such as steps taken, energy expenditure, and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The consumer may also use the computer interface (e.

Performance of Activity Classification Algorithms in Free-Living Older Adults.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare activity type classification rates of machine learning algorithms trained on laboratory versus free-living accelerometer data in older adults.

Methods: Thirty-five older adults (21 females and 14 males, 70.8 ± 4.

Utilization and Harmonization of Adult Accelerometry Data: Review and Expert Consensus.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the scope of accelerometry data collected internationally in adults and to obtain a consensus from measurement experts regarding the optimal strategies to harmonize international accelerometry data.

Methods: In March 2014, a comprehensive review was undertaken to identify studies that collected accelerometry data in adults (sample size, n ≥ 400). In addition, 20 physical activity experts were invited to participate in a two-phase Delphi process to obtain consensus on the following: unique research opportunities available with such data, additional data required to address these opportunities, strategies for enabling comparisons between studies/countries, requirements for implementing/progressing such strategies, and value of a global repository of accelerometry data.

Impact of accelerometer data processing decisions on the sample size, wear time and physical activity level of a large cohort study.

Background: Accelerometers objectively assess physical activity (PA) and are currently used in several large-scale epidemiological studies, but there is no consensus for processing the data. This study compared the impact of wear-time assessment methods and using either vertical (V)-axis or vector magnitude (VM) cut-points on accelerometer output.

Methods: Participants (7,650 women, mean age 71.

Discrete features of sedentary behavior impact cardiometabolic risk factors.

Purpose: Sedentary behavior is linked to numerous poor health outcomes. This study aims to determine the effects of 7 d of increased sitting on markers of cardiometabolic risk among free-living individuals.

Methods: Ten recreationally active participants (>150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week; mean ± SD age, 25.

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and reducing sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic risk factors.

This pilot study examined if the combination of exercise training and reducing sedentary time (ST) results in greater changes to health markers than either intervention alone. Fifty-seven overweight/obese participants (19 males/39 females) (mean ± SD; age, 43.6 ± 9.

Cross-validation of waist-worn GENEA accelerometer cut-points.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the classification accuracy of the waist gravity estimator of normal everyday activity (GENEA) cut-points developed by Esliger et al. for predicting intensity categories across a range of lifestyle activities.

Methods: Each participant performed one of two routines, consisting of seven lifestyle activities (home/office, ambulatory, and sport).

Validation of a previous day recall for measuring the location and purpose of active and sedentary behaviors compared to direct observation.

Purpose: Gathering contextual information (i.e., location and purpose) about active and sedentary behaviors is an advantage of self-report tools such as previous day recalls (PDR).

Comparison of raw acceleration from the GENEA and ActiGraph™ GT3X+ activity monitors.

Purpose: To compare raw acceleration output of the ActiGraph™ GT3X+ and GENEA activity monitors.

Methods: A GT3X+ and GENEA were oscillated in an orbital shaker at frequencies ranging from 0.7 to 4.