Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

Management of Rib Fractures in the Combat Environment.

Rib fractures in combat casualties are an under-appreciated injury, and their treatment may become more common as more patients survive because of modern body armor and point-ofinjury care. The combat environment has challenges such as equipment availability and sterility. A simple and thoughtful rib fracture treatment algorithm may be useful to reduce the morbidity and mortality of rib fractures in the combat environment.

Epidemiology and genomics of a slow outbreak of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in a neonatal intensive care unit: Successful chronic decolonization of MRSA-positive healthcare personnel.

Objective: To describe the genomic analysis and epidemiologic response related to a slow and prolonged methicillin-resistant (MRSA) outbreak.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Assessing professionalism in health profession degree programs: A scoping review.

Background: To identify and classify methods for assessing professionalism across health profession degree programs and identify gaps in the literature regarding types of assessments.

Methods: The authors conducted a scoping review of articles published from database inception through 24 January 2020. Included articles described an assessment approach for professionalism in health profession degree programs available in full-text in the English language.

Ethnicity and Language Differences in Patient Experience: an Analysis of the HCAHPS Survey.

Background: Although there has been a rising emphasis on patient-centered care, limited research has assessed differences in patient experience based on ethnicity and language.

Methods: This study examined differences in quality of care (N = 6945) using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. Data were collected between January 2014 and April 2019.

Does education of primary care professionals promote patient self-management and improve outcomes in chronic disease? An updated systematic review.

Background: Primary care has a vital role in supporting patient autonomy to enable people with long-term conditions to manage their own health and wellness. Evidence is needed on whether education and training of health professionals helps support patient self-management and improves outcomes. The authors' first systematic review included only two articles showing patient outcomes following health professional training for promoting patient self-management.

Surgical Patients' Hospital Experience Scores: Neighborhood Context Conceptual Framework.

Objective: Through geocoding the physical residential address included in the electronic medical record to the census tract level, we present a novel model for concomitant examination of individual patient-related and residential context-related factors that are associated with patient-reported experience scores.

Summary Background Data: When assessing patient experience in the surgical setting, researchers need to examine the potential influence of neighborhood-level characteristics on patient experience-of-care ratings.

Methods: We geocoded the residential address included in the electronic medical record (EMR) from a tertiary care facility to the census tract level of Orange County, CA.

Migrating from One Comprehensive Commercial EHR to Another: Perceptions of Front-line Clinicians and Staff.

As healthcare organizations continue to grow and evolve, migrations from one commercial electronic health record (EHR) system to another are likely to become more common. However, little is known about front-line clinicians' and staff's perceptions of such changes. Our study addresses this gap through an organization-wide survey of employees immediately prior to the transition to a new commercial EHR.

Does patient self-management education of primary care professionals improve patient outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: Patient self-management support is recognised as a key component of chronic care. Education and training for health professionals has been shown in the literature to be associated with better uptake, implementation and effectiveness of self-management programs, however, there is no clear evidence regarding whether this training results in improved health outcomes for patients with chronic conditions.

Methods: A systematic review was undertaken using the PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Library, PubMEd, ERIC, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web searches, Hand searches and Bibliographies.

Interventions for treating collagenous colitis.

Background: Collagenous colitis is a cause of chronic diarrhea. This updated review was performed to identify therapies for collagenous colitis that have been assessed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the benefits and harms of treatments for collagenous colitis.

Growing the lost crops of eastern North America's original agricultural system.

Thousands of years before the maize-based agriculture practiced by many Native American societies in eastern North America at the time of contact with Europeans, there existed a unique crop system only known through archaeological evidence. There are no written or oral records of how these lost crops were cultivated, but several domesticated subspecies have been identified in the archaeological record. Growth experiments and observations of living progenitors of these crops can provide insights into the ancient agricultural system of eastern North America, the role of developmental plasticity in the process of domestication, and the creation and maintenance of diverse landraces under cultivation.

Anti-tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

Background: There have been a number of studies with conflicting results which have examined the effect of anti-tuberculous therapy in Crohn's disease. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the use of anti-tuberculous therapy for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of anti-tuberculous therapy for the maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease.

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Maintenance of remission is a major issue in inflammatory bowel disease. In ulcerative colitis, the evidence for the effectiveness of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the maintenance of remission is still controversial.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis.

Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

Background: The therapeutic role of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) remains controversial due to their perceived relatively slow-acting effect and adverse effects. An updated meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of these agents for the maintenance of remission in quiescent Crohn's disease.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of AZA and 6-MP for maintenance of remission in quiescent Crohn's disease.

A Novel Application of a Biopsychosocial Theory in the Understanding of Disturbed Sleep before and after Kidney Transplantation.

Study Objectives: Sleep and fatigue difficulties appear to be highly prevalent among individuals with end-stage renal disease and individuals who have received a kidney transplant. While there is some evidence of biopsychosocial factors predicting sleep disturbance in these populations, previous studies have relied on single time point retrospective measurements.

Methods: The study utilized a 2-week prospective measurement approach, including one night of polysomnographic measurement, nightly sleep diaries, and self-report measures of health, sleep, and mood.

Tracking single-particle rotation during macrophage uptake.

We investigated the rotational dynamics of single microparticles during their internalization by macrophage cells. The microparticles used were triblock patchy particles that display two fluorescent patches on their two poles. The optical anisotropy made it possible to directly visualize and quantify the orientation and rotation of the particles.

Evaluation of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in Tampa FL, USA.

Background: A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in Tampa FL, USA. Evaluations of on-animal and premises flea burdens, flea sex structure and fed-unfed premises flea populations were conducted to more accurately assess flea population dynamics in households.

Methods: Thirty seven naturally flea infested dogs in 23 homes in Tampa, FL were enrolled in the study and treated with afoxolaner chewables.

Reformatted images of the thoracic and lumbar spine following CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis in the setting of blunt trauma: are they necessary?

Injuries involving the thoracic and lumbar (TL) spine in the setting of blunt trauma are not uncommon. At our institution, CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CT CAP) with dedicated reformatted images of the thoracolumbar spine (CT TL) is part of the standard work-up of patients following significant blunt trauma. The purpose of this study was to compare the detection rate of TL spine fractures on routine trauma CT CAP with reformatted CT TL spine images and determine whether these reformatted images detect additional fractures and if these altered patient management.

Ludwig Edinger: the vertebrate series and comparative neuroanatomy.

At the end of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Edinger completed the first comparative survey of the microscopic anatomy of vertebrate brains. He is regarded as the founder of the field of comparative neuroanatomy. Modern commentators have misunderstood him to have espoused an anti-Darwinian linear view of brain evolution, harkening to the metaphysics of the scala naturae.

Controversies in the management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

Importance: In the last 3 years, we have witnessed the publication of multiple but conflicting guidelines on the management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-age and pregnant women. Given the prevalence of thyroid disease, it is highly likely that obstetricians will encounter and provide care for pregnant women with thyroid disease.

The differential effects of surgical harm in elderly populations. Does the adage: "they tolerate the operation, but not the complications" hold true?

Background: Elderly patients are thought to tolerate surgical complications poorly because of low physiologic reserve. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the differential effects of surgical harm in patients over 80 years old.

Methods: Three years of data from a harm-reduction campaign were used to identify inpatient surgeries performed on patients older than 50.