Development and Evaluation of an Automated Protocol Recommendation System for Chest CT Using Natural Language Processing With CLEVER Terminology Word Replacement.

To evaluate the clinical performance of a Protocol Recommendation System (PRS) automatic protocolling of chest CT imaging requests. 322 387 consecutive historical imaging requests for chest CT between 2017 and 2022 were extracted from a radiology information system (RIS) database containing 16 associated patient information values. Records with missing fields and protocols with <100 occurrences were removed, leaving 18 protocols for training.

Need for comprehensive management of frailty at an individual level: European perspective from the advantage joint action on frailty.

Objectives: ADVANTAGE Joint Action is a large collaborative project co-founded by the European Commission and its Member States to build a common understanding of frailty for Member States on which to base a common management approach for older people who are frail or at risk of developing frailty. One of the key objectives of the project is presented in this paper; how to manage frailty at the individual level.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, including grey literature and good practices when possible.

Adjuvant lung resection in the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection: A retrospective matched cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Lung resection in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is considered when medical therapy alone fails to provide long term control. Data regarding comparative and long-term outcomes are limited. We aimed to review indications and outcomes of adjuvant lung resection for NTM-PD compared with controls.

Neighbourhood incidence rate of paediatric dental extractions under general anaesthetic in South West England.

Introduction Extraction of decayed teeth is the most common reason for UK children aged 5-9 years to receive a general anaesthetic. Inequalities in oral health are well recognised, but is under-explored in dental general anaesthesia (DGA).Methods Secondary analysis of routinely collected data from three local authorities in South West England was used to assess: 1) dental activities recorded for children <18 years attending NHS general dental practitioners (GDP); 2) the incidence rate of DGA and disease severity among <16-year-olds; and 3) individual and neighbourhood factors associated with higher rates of child DGA, and greater severity of disease.

Impact of tumour thickness on survival after radical radiation and surgery in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Tumour thickness was assessed to determine if this parameter could refine patients' selection for multimodality therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma.We reviewed 65 consecutive treatment-naïve malignant pleural mesothelioma patients undergoing surgery for mesothelioma after radiation therapy (SMART). Total tumour thickness was determined by measuring the maximal thickness on nine predefined sectors on the chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm.

An unusual case of intercostal muscle flap ossification mimicking an intrathoracic rib.

We present a unique case of intercostal muscle flap (ICMF) ossification mimicking an intrathoracic rib diagnosed 3 years after oesophageal perforation repair. A 58-year-old male presented with complaints of mild chest discomfort. Three years ago he had undergone left thoracotomy and primary repair of post-emetic oesophageal perforation.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery improves survival outcomes compared with definitive chemoradiation in the treatment of stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare survival in patients with stage IIIA (N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) or surgery plus neoadjuvant chemoradiation or chemotherapy (CRTS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 242 patients with stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC treated with curative intent between 1997 and 2007, identified 215 patients with surgically resectable disease. Overall survival outcomes were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, gender, histology, smoking history and performance status.

Qualitative assessment of pain management in patients undergoing computed tomography-guided transthoracic lung biopsy.

Background: Unpublished questionnaire data collected by the authors' institution (Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario) indicates that patients often experience significant pain while undergoing lung biopsy, yet receive only a fraction of the maximum allowable dosage of analgesic.

Objectives: To qualitatively assess current pain management practices from the patient perspective. Patient education and patient satisfaction were also evaluated.

Outcomes of short course interprofessional training in domestic violence and child protection.

The interrelationship between domestic violence and child protection is well established, yet deficiencies in interprofessional collaboration have been reported and training is advocated as a solution. This study evaluates the outcomes of short interagency and interprofessional training in domestic abuse. Participants' attitudes and knowledge were assessed using a self-report scale and compared in a double-baseline time-series design.

Comparison of the spectrum of radiologic and clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium xenopi.

Aim: Mycobacterium xenopi is described with upper lobe cavitation ("fibrocavitary" pattern), whereas the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is described with bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules ("nodular bronchiectasis"). We retrospectively described and compared computed tomography (CT) chest manifestations of disease caused by MAC and M xenopi.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed patients who had either MAC or M xenopi lung disease and who had CTs between January 2002 and December 2003.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in workers previously exposed to asbestos: detection of parenchymal lung disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the lungs of asymptomatic asbestos-exposed workers who were screened for lung cancer and mesothelioma using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for parenchymal abnormalities.

Methods: Three hundred fifteen baseline LDCT studies of the chest of participants with at least 20 years' exposure to asbestos or presence of pleural plaques before enrollment on chest radiographs were analyzed.

Results: Three hundred fifteen subjects were studied.

Radiologic outcomes at 5 years after severe ARDS.

Objective: Few studies have systematically evaluated high-resolution CT (HRCT) imaging of the thorax 5 years after severe ARDS to determine the association between radiologic fi ndings and functional disability. The primary aim of this study was to determine chest radiologic abnormalities at 5 years in survivors of severe ARDS from the University of Toronto ARDS cohort. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between the observed radiologic abnormalities on HRCT scan and pulmonary symptoms, pulmonary function test abnormalities, and healthrelated quality of life at 5-year follow-up.

Chest computed tomography predicts microbiological burden and symptoms in pulmonary Mycobacterium xenopi.

Background And Objective: The development of computed tomography (CT) findings usually precedes the diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. The utility of specific CT scan features, although often available long before respiratory sample cultures, is not fully understood. We sought to assess associations among CT features, symptoms and microbiological disease criteria in pulmonary Mycobacterium xenopi isolation.

The organisation of interagency training to safeguard children in England: a case study using realistic evaluation.

Background: Joint training for interagency working is carried out by Local Safeguarding Children Boards in England to promote effective local working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.

Purpose: This paper reports on the findings of the outputs and outcomes of interagency training to safeguard children in eight Local Safeguarding Children Boards.

Methods: A review of Local Safeguarding Children Board documentation, observations of Local Safeguarding Children Board training sub-group meetings and a series of interviews with training key stakeholders in each Local Safeguarding Children Board were used to assess how partner agencies in the Local Safeguarding Children Boards carried out their statutory responsibilities to organise interagency training.

Soluble mesothelin-related Peptide and osteopontin as markers of response in malignant mesothelioma.

Purpose: In malignant mesothelioma (MM), radiologic assessment of disease status is difficult. Both soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and osteopontin (OP) have utility in distinguishing MM from benign pleural disease. We evaluated whether SMRP and OP also correlated with the disease course of MM.

Dynamic airway evaluation with volume CT: initial experience.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to prospectively establish the use of a novel multidetector computed tomography unit (MDCT) with 320 x 0.5 detector rows for the evaluation of tracheomalacia by using a dynamic expiratory low-dose technique.

Methods: Six adult patients (5 men, 1 woman; mean age, 53.

Chest low-dose computed tomography in neutropenic acute myeloid leukaemia patients.

Background: We aimed to compare chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with chest radiography (CXR) in the assessment of febrile acute myeloid leukaemia neutropenic patients.

Methods: A prospective non-randomized study was carried out between 30 May, 2003 and 3 June, 2004 in consecutive neutropenic patients who required imaging of the thorax and were treated for acute myeloid leukaemia. Each patient had a baseline 2-view chest radiograph followed by LDCT.

Tracheal chondrosarcoma--a rare complication in Maffucci syndrome.

Maffucci syndrome is a rare congenital non-hereditary disease characterised by subcutaneous haemangiomata and multiple enchondromata. We present a case of an intermediate grade myxoid chondrosarcoma of the tracheal cartilage in a 34-year-old man with a history of Maffucci syndrome. Chondrosarcoma of the trachea are extremely rare tumours.

Tree-in-bud pattern on thoracic CT due to pulmonary intravascular metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

We report a case of pulmonary intravascular metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma manifesting as tree-in-bud pattern on thoracic computed tomography. Although infectious bronchiolitis is the most common cause of tree-in-bud pattern, this case emphasizes that the differential diagnoses include pulmonary intravascular metastases, particularly in patients with extrapulmonary adenocarcinomas.

Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography in at-risk individuals: the Toronto experience.

Objective: The Department of Medical Imaging at the University Health Network in Toronto is performing a lung cancer screening study, utilizing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as the modality. Baseline and annual repeat results are reported on the first 3352 participants, enrolled between June 2003 and May 2007.

Methods: Enrollment was limited to those aged 50 years or older, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, no previous cancer and general good health.

Screening for malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer in individuals with a history of asbestos exposure.

Purpose: We established a screening program for prior asbestos workers using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods: Between March 2005 and October 2007 we performed LDCT (50-60 mA, 120 kV, 1.25 mm) in 516 asbestos-exposed individuals.

Imaging of lung transplantation: review.

OBJECTIVE Lung transplantation is an established treatment for end-stage pulmonary disease. Complications of lung transplantation include airway stenosis and dehiscence, reimplantation response, acute rejection, infection, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The incidence of graft rejection and airway anastomosis experienced in the early years of lung transplantation have been significantly reduced by advances in immunosuppression and surgical techniques.

The use of computer-aided detection for the assessment of pulmonary arterial filling defects at computed tomographic angiography.

Purpose: To validate a computer-aided detection (CAD) tool for the detection of pulmonary arterial filling defects at computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and to assess its benefit for readers of different levels of experience.

Methods: One hundred consecutive CTPA studies were retrospectively evaluated by a chest radiologist for presence of emboli, serving as the reference standard. Subsequently, examinations were analyzed using commercially available second-generation CAD software (ImageChecker CT, version 2.

Tumor cavitation: impact on objective response evaluation in trials of angiogenesis inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: We have observed cavitation of lesions in clinical trials of an angiogenesis inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that cavitation might alter response assessment in such clinical trials.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective radiologic review of patients with NSCLC enrolled onto three National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) trials of platinum-based chemotherapy with or without a small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitor (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor [VEGFRI]).

CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pulmonary nodules measuring 10 mm or less.

Aim: To determine the value of computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of small pulmonary nodules measuring 10 mm or less.

Material And Methods: CT-guided FNABs of 55 nodules, measuring 10mm or less, were performed between January 2003 and February 2006. A coaxial technique was used, with an outer 19 G Bard Truguide needle and inner 22 G disposable Greene biopsy needle.