Microbial Diversity of Bacteria Involved in Biomineralization Processes in Mine-Impacted Freshwaters.

In order to increase the knowledge about geo-bio interactions in extreme metal-polluted mine waters, we combined microbiological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses to study the indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) involved in the heavy metal (HM) biomineralization processes occurring in Iglesiente and Arburese districts (SW Sardinia, Italy). Anaerobic cultures from sediments of two different mining-affected streams of this regional framework were enriched and analyzed by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, showing sequences closely related to SRB classified in taxa typical of environments with high concentrations of metals (, ). Nevertheless, the most abundant genera found in our samples did not belong to the traditional SRB groups (i.

A Different Microbiome Gene Repertoire in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Severe Lung Disease.

In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to decipher the structure and composition of the microbiota of the airways in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, little is still known about the overall gene functions harbored by the resident microbial populations and which specific genes are associated with various stages of CF lung disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify the microbial gene repertoire of CF microbiota in twelve patients with severe and normal/mild lung disease by performing sputum shotgun metagenome sequencing.

Omics approaches on fresh-cut lettuce reveal global molecular responses to sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid treatment.

Background: Lettuce is a leafy vegetable that is extensively commercialized as a ready-to-eat product because of its widespread use in human nutrition as salad. It is well known that washing treatments can severely affect the quality and shelf-life of ready-to-eat vegetables. The study presented here evaluated the effect of two washing procedures on fresh-cut lettuce during storage.

Correction: Pyrosequencing Unveils Cystic Fibrosis Lung Microbiome Differences Associated with a Severe Lung Function Decline.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Pyrosequencing Unveils Cystic Fibrosis Lung Microbiome Differences Associated with a Severe Lung Function Decline.

Chronic airway infection is a hallmark feature of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. In the present study, sputum samples from CF patients were collected and characterized by 16S rRNA gene-targeted approach, to assess how lung microbiota composition changes following a severe decline in lung function. In particular, we compared the airway microbiota of two groups of patients with CF, i.

Bacterial community and proteome analysis of fresh-cut lettuce as affected by packaging.

With the growing demand of fresh-cut vegetables, a variety of packaging films are produced specifically to improve safety and quality of the fresh vegetables over the storage period. The aim of our work was to evaluate the influence of different packaging films on the quality of fresh-cut lettuce analyzing changes in bacterial community composition and modifications at the proteome level, by means of culture-dependent/culture-independent methods and differential gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry analysis. Total viable counts indicated the presence of a highly variable and complex microbial flora, around a mean value of 6.

Changes in cystic fibrosis airway microbial community associated with a severe decline in lung function.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease resulting in chronic polymicrobial infections of the airways and progressive decline in lung function. To gain insight into the underlying causes of severe lung diseases, we aimed at comparing the airway microbiota detected in sputum of CF patients with stable lung function (S) versus those with a substantial decline in lung function (SD). Microbiota composition was investigated by using culture-based and culture-independent methods, and by performing multivariate and statistical analyses.

Soil bacterial community response to differences in agricultural management along with seasonal changes in a Mediterranean region.

Land-use change is considered likely to be one of main drivers of biodiversity changes in grassland ecosystems. To gain insight into the impact of land use on the underlying soil bacterial communities, we aimed at determining the effects of agricultural management, along with seasonal variations, on soil bacterial community in a Mediterranean ecosystem where different land-use and plant cover types led to the creation of a soil and vegetation gradient. A set of soils subjected to different anthropogenic impact in a typical Mediterranean landscape, dominated by Quercus suber L.

Dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria in a repeated batch fermentation process using lake sediment as inoculum.

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of lake sediment as inoculum for hydrogen production through dark fermentation in a repeated batch process. In addition, we investigated the effect of heat treatment, applied to enrich hydrogen-producing bacteria, on the bacterial composition and metabolism. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and molecular cloning, both performed using the 16S rDNA gene as target gene, were used to monitor the structure of the bacterial community.

Vertical distribution of bacterioplankton in Lake Averno in relation to water chemistry.

The effects of environmental factors on bacterioplankton distribution along the water column of Lake Averno (Naples, Italy) have been investigated by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments, and multivariate analysis applied to molecular data and physico-chemical parameters. Bacterial richness, estimated from DGGE profiles, remains constant throughout the water column, whereas archaeal richness increases with depth. Moreover, archaeal richness was significantly correlated to most of the measured abiotic variables, whereas bacterial richness did not.

Sustainable power production in a membrane-less and mediator-less synthetic wastewater microbial fuel cell.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with wastewater are currently considered a feasible strategy for production of renewable electricity. A membrane-less MFC with biological cathode was built from a compact wastewater treatment reactor and fed with synthetic wastewater. When operated with an external resistance of 250 Omega, the MFC produced a long-term power of about 70 mW/m(2) for 10 months.