Unusual Case of Posterior Fossa Extradural Hematoma in a Child: Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEH) is a rare pathology often due to nuchal region trauma. In children, PFEH causes rapid decline of the neurological status also for brain stem compression. Early brain computed tomography (CT) scan is necessary suspicious for PFEH.

Modern Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Using Preoperative Planning Based on Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Revisitation of the Concept of Eloquence.

Background: Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) provides a reliable identification of "eloquent" cortical brain areas. Moreover, it can be used for diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking of eloquent subcortical tracts. We describe the use of nTMS-based cortical mapping and diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking for defining the "eloquence" of areas surrounding brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs), aiming to improve patient stratification and treatment.