Developing an Educational Resource Aimed at Improving Adolescent Digital Health Literacy: Using Co-Design as Research Methodology.

Background: Adolescence is a key developmental period that affects lifelong health and is impacted by adolescents regularly engaging with digital health information. Adolescents need digital health literacy (DHL) to effectively evaluate the quality and credibility of such information, and to navigate an increasingly complex digital health environment. Few educational resources exist to improve DHL, and few have involved adolescents during design.

Patterns of parental online health information-seeking behaviour.

Aim: This study aimed to understand parents' online health information-seeking behaviour and the potential influence of this on their relationship with their child's physician.

Methods: A survey regarding parental online health information-seeking behaviour was administered to parents of children aged under 18 years admitted to an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital, paediatric hospital ward and paediatric clinic, and in their social media networks. Responses were presented as frequencies and percentages.

COVID-19 and Dr. Google: Parents' changing experience using online health information about their children's health during the pandemic.

Aims: To identify how the COVID-19 pandemic influences parents' use of the internet, including social media, when seeking health-related information about the pandemic relevant to their children.

Methods: This study employed semi-structured interviews to explore the factors affecting parents of young children when information-seeking online about their children's health related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents of children with and without chronic health conditions were interviewed in July and August 2020.

Impact of parental health literacy on the health outcomes of children with chronic disease globally: A systematic review.

Aim: Health literacy is the ability to understand and interpret health information and navigate the health-care system. Low health literacy is associated with poorer health knowledge and disease management, increased chronic illness, underutilisation of preventative health services and increased hospitalisations. The aim of the study is to review the available literature on the relationship between parental health literacy and health outcomes for children with chronic disease in high-income countries (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

How paediatricians communicate with parents who access online health information.

Aims: Recent years have seen an exponential increase in the proportion of parents searching for online health information on their child's medical condition. We investigated the experiences, attitudes and approaches of paediatricians interacting with parents who search for online health information and the impact on the doctor-parent relationship.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted utilising semi-structured interviews with 17 paediatric physicians, surgeons, anaesthetists and trainees working in an Australian children's hospital.

Easy guide to conducting a systematic review.

A systematic review is a type of study that synthesises research that has been conducted on a particular topic. Systematic reviews are considered to provide the highest level of evidence on the hierarchy of evidence pyramid. Systematic reviews are conducted following rigorous research methodology.

Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children.

Background: Enuresis (bedwetting) affects up to 20% of five-year-olds and can have considerable social, emotional and psychological effects. Treatments include alarms (activated by urination), behavioural interventions and drugs.

Objectives: To assess the effects of enuresis alarms for treating enuresis in children.

Australian community health practitioners' knowledge and experience with managing urinary incontinence that begins in childhood.

Background And Objectives: General practitioners (GPs) often see children with enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence, and adults with persistent enuresis. The aim of this study was to assess Australian community health practitioners' knowledge and experiences with managing these conditions.

Method: Health practitioners were surveyed about their knowledge and experience managing urinary incontinence that begins in childhood.

The relationship between urinary incontinence and obesity in childhood.

Aim: To explore associations between weight and type/frequency of urinary incontinence (UI) in children presenting to a tertiary hospital incontinence clinic.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of children who first attended the incontinence clinic at The Children's Hospital at Westmead between January 2004 and December 2014. A random sample of 1000 children was selected from 2022 patient records, and data were collected on weight, height, age, gender, UI parameters, bowel habits and medical history.

Tips for managing treatment-resistant enuresis.

Enuresis (bedwetting) is common in school-aged children and can impact health, psychosocial well-being and quality of life. Although effective treatment is available, treatment resistance is encountered in about 50%. This paper discusses the management of treatment-resistant enuresis from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Completeness of protocols for clinical trials in children submitted to ethics committees.

Aim: Studies of published clinical trials involving children have shown frequent omissions in key aspects of design and conduct, but these problems may be artefactual and due to editorial processes and space limitations. To determine actual design and conduct, we analysed the completeness of key domains in trial protocols involving children submitted to Human Research Ethics Committees.

Methods: The ethics committees of all eight children's hospitals in Australia were invited to participate.

Determining parents' patterns of behaviour when searching for online information on their child's health.

Aim: The internet has enabled parents to become informed medical consumers and take an active role in their child's treatment. We aimed to determine parents' online medical information-seeking behaviour about their child's health. This included sources of information, reasons for searching, use and assessment of information and whether parents wanted assistance with searching and assessing information.

Disease burden-research match? Registered trials in child health from low- and middle-income and high-income countries.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a match between the health problems that children face and the clinical trials that are being conducted, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: All trials on the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform registered from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed. The disease-specific focus of registered trials for children was compared to the global burden of disease for 2011 using World Health Organisation disability-adjusted life-year data.

"Teaching by humiliation" and mistreatment of medical students in clinical rotations: a pilot study.

Objective: To generate a contemporary understanding of "teaching by humiliation" as experienced by medical students in Australia.

Design, Setting And Participants: In this pilot study, we surveyed final-stage medical students from two Australian medical schools about their experiences of teaching by humiliation during their adult and paediatric clinical rotations. The students were invited to complete the anonymous survey at the end of their paediatric rotation in Semester 2 of 2013.

Supervisory needs of research doctoral students in a university teaching hospital setting.

Background/hypothesis: Teaching hospitals affiliated with universities are now common sites for research higher degree supervision. We hypothesised that the hospital environment poses unique challenges to supervision compared with the traditional university research institute setting.

Aims: This study aimed to identify and rank important supervision issues in a clinical setting from the students' perspective.