Charting facial growth and development for Bantu Africans: Central tendencies, variational properties and sexual dimorphisms.

Current studies on facial growth and development have been largely based on European populations. Less studied are African populations, who because of their distinct genetic makeup and environmental conditions, provide deeper insights into patterns of facial development. Patterns of facial shape development in African populations remain largely uncharacterised.

Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective.

Developmental changes of facial shape are commonly investigated through geometric morphometrics. A limitation with this approach is the inability to investigate patterns of morphological changes at local scale. This could be addressed through quantifying the deformation required to deform one shape to another.

Burden, Trends, and Inequality of Dental Caries in the U.S., 1990-2019.

Introduction: Over the past 2 decades in the U.S., the reduced burden and narrowed inequality in oral health among children are in stark contrast with the high burden and widening inequality in adult oral health.