Mechanical power distribution of the lower limbs changed during intermittent 300 countermovement jumps.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 300 intermittent countermovement jumps (CMJs) on the mechanical power distribution at the joints of the lower limbs and the influence of the upper body to explain vertical jump performance.

Methods: Fifteen male sport students (age 24.5 ± 2.

Lower and upper extremity contributions to propulsion and resistance during semi-tethered load-velocity profiling in front crawl swimming.

The study estimated lower and upper extremity contributions to whole-body front crawl swimming using semi-tethered load-velocity profiling. Nine female and 11 male (inter)national-level swimmers performed 20 m semi-tethered sprints, each with five progressive loads for lower (leg kicking), upper (arm stroke), and whole-body front crawl movements. The theoretical maximal speed (v) and load (L), and active drag (D) were expressed as a percentage of the sum of both extremities for the movements of each extremity to calculate their contributions.

Effects of low-load blood flow restriction on the venous system in comparison to traditional low-load and high-load exercises.

Blood-Flow-Restriction (BFR) training provides the ability to achieve hypertrophy effects even though only light mechanical loads are applied. However, its impact on venous pressures and function are still unknown. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of BFR-training on intravascular venous pressure and venous function in comparison to control exercises with low or high mechanical loads.

Development and Interplay of Metabolic and Mechanical Performance Determinants Over an Annual Training Period in Adolescent National-Level Squad Swimmers.

Purpose: The study examined the longitudinal interplay of anthropometric, metabolic, and neuromuscular development related to performance in adolescent national-level swimmers over 12 months.

Methods: Seven male and 12 female swimmers (14.8 [1.

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Perspectives for Research on Emerging Biomarkers.

At present, various blood-based biomarkers have found their applications in the field of sports medicine. This current opinion addresses biomarkers that warrant consideration in future research for monitoring the athlete training load. In this regard, we identified a variety of emerging load-sensitive biomarkers, e.

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Considerations and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Use of Established Biomarkers.

Blood-based biomarkers can provide an objective individualized measure of training load, recovery, and health status in order to reduce injury risk and maximize performance. Despite enormous potentials, especially owing to currently evolving technology, such as point-of-care testing, and advantages, in terms of objectivity and non-interference with the training process, there are several pitfalls in the use and interpretation of biomarkers. Confounding variables such as preanalytical conditions, inter-individual differences, or an individual chronic workload can lead to variance in resting levels.

Unraveling the mystery of isocaloric endurance training - Influence of exercise modality, biological sex, and physical fitness.

Background: A sedentary lifestyle with low energy expenditure (EE) is associated with chronic diseases and mortality. Barriers such as "lack of time" or "lack of motivation" are common reasons why physical exercise is neglected in the general population. To optimize EE in the time available, time-efficient but also enjoyable types of exercise are required.

The course of knee extensor strength after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review with meta-analysis and -regression.

Purpose: Muscular strength loss and atrophy are postoperative complications. This systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the course of on knee extensor mass and strength from pre-surgery over total knee arthroplasty to rehabilitation and recovery.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library (CINAHL, Embase) and Web of Science (until 29th of June 2022).

Modeling lactate threshold in young squad athletes: influence of sex, maximal oxygen uptake, and cost of running.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate: 1. The influence of sex and age on the accuracy of the classical model of endurance performance, including maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), its fraction (LT2), and cost of running (C), for calculating running speed at lactate threshold 2 (vLT2) in young athletes. 2.

Influence of physical and psychological stress on decision-making performance of soccer referees.

Soccer referees have to make quick and accurate decisions while experiencing physical stress (i.e., fatigue) and psychological stress (i.

Comparison of different test protocols to determine maximal lactate steady state intensity in swimming.

Objectives: This study compared step test, lactate minimum (LM) test and reverse lactate threshold (RLT) test protocols with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in free-swimming. All test protocols used fixed duration increments and high work-rate resolution (≤ 0.03 m·s) to ensure high sensitivity.

How Fit Are Special Operations Police Officers? A Comparison With Elite Athletes From Olympic Disciplines.

The diverse tasks of special operations police (SOP) units place high physical demands on every officer. Being fit for duty requires a wide range of motor abilities which must be trained regularly and in a structured manner. But SOP operators have to plan and manage large proportions of their training alone, which makes it difficult to control.

Comparison and Performance Validation of Calculated and Established Anaerobic Lactate Thresholds in Running.

: This study aimed to compare the calculated running velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold (cLT), determined by a mathematical model for metabolic simulation, with two established threshold concepts (onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol∙L) and modified maximal deviation method (mDmax)). Additionally, all threshold concepts were correlated with performance in different endurance running events. : Ten sub-elite runners performed a 30 s sprint test on a cycle ergometer adjusted to an isokinetic mode set to a cadence of 120 rpm to determine maximal lactate production rate (VLa), and a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO).

Effects of Alternating Unilateral vs. Bilateral Resistance Training on Sprint and Endurance Cycling Performance in Trained Endurance Athletes: A 3-Armed, Randomized, Controlled, Pilot Trial.

Ji, S, Donath, L, and Wahl, P. Effects of alternating unilateral vs. bilateral resistance training on sprint and endurance cycling performance in trained endurance athletes: A 3-armed, randomized, controlled, pilot trial.

The Molecular Signature of High-intensity Training in the Human Body.

High-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as major effectors and targets of health and performance.

Training Load Measures and Biomarker Responses during a 7-Day Training Camp in Young Cyclists-A Pilot Study.

: During intense training periods, there is a high need to monitor the external and especially the internal training load in order to fine-tune the training process and to avoid overreaching or overtraining. However, data on stress reactions, especially of biomarkers, to high training loads in children and youth are rare. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the training load of youth athletes during a training camp using a multilevel approach.

Reverse lactate threshold test accurately predicts maximal lactate steady state and 5 km performance in running.

This study evaluated the accuracy of the reverse lactate threshold (RLT) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol·L) to determine the running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and 5 km running performance in a field test approach. Study 1: 16 participants performed an RLT test, and 2 or more constant-speed tests, lasting 30 minutes each, to determine running speed at the MLSS. Study 2: 23 participants performed an RLT test and a 5000 m all-out run as an indicator of performance.

No Influence of Nonivamide-nicoboxil on the Peak Power Output in Competitive Sportsmen.

Recent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Consequences of police-related personal protective equipment and physical training status on thermoregulation and exercise energy expenditure.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) on human thermoregulation and its alteration in groups of different training status.

Methods: Forty-five men performed a maximum voluntary contraction test in an upright pull position to determine lower body strength and a graded treadmill test to determine maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). Body composition was estimated via bioelectric impedance analysis.

Feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test in patients with aggressive hemato-oncological disease.

Purpose: Physical activity promises to reduce disease-related symptoms and therapy-related side effects in patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma (L) or acute leukemia (AL). For an efficient training program, determination of patients' physical capacity with a purposive exercise test is crucial. Here, we evaluated the feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test (GXT) frequently applied in patients suffering from solid tumors by assessing whether patients achieved criteria for maximal exercise testing according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

The effect of physical training modality on exercise performance with police-related personal protective equipment.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition on performance and metabolic demands of men wearing personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods: 45 men were assigned to one of four groups which significantly differed in upright pull isometric strength (MVC ≤ 1325 N or ≥ 1531 N) and maximum oxygen uptake (VOmax ≤ 51.9 mL min·kg or ≥ 56.

Power profile, physiological characteristics and their correlation in elite canoe polo players.

Background: This study aimed to examine the physical capabilities of elite canoe polo players and to identify interrelationships between anthropometric or physiological characteristics and performance on a kayak ergometer.

Methods: Eight male participants (age 24.6±4.

Cellular immune response to acute exercise: Comparison of endurance and resistance exercise.

Objectives: Exercise-induced cellular mobilization might play a role in treatment and prevention of several diseases. However, little is known about the impact of different exercise modalities on immune cell mobilization and clinical cellular inflammation markers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate differences between acute endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on cellular immune alterations.