Targeting cholesterol impairs cell invasion of all breast cancer types.

Background: Breast cancer clinical outcome relies on its intrinsic molecular subtype and mortality is almost exclusively due to metastasis, whose mechanism remains unclear. We recently revealed the specific contribution of plasma membrane cholesterol to the invasion of malignant MCF10CAIa but not premalignant MCF10AT and normal MCF10A cell lines in 2D, through invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In the present study, we address the impact of breast cancer subtypes, mutations and aggressiveness on cholesterol implication in breast cancer cell invasion and 3D spheroid invasion and growth.

Corrigendum: Variability of extracellular vesicle release during storage of red blood cell concentrates is associated with differential membrane alterations, including loss of cholesterol-enriched domains.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.

Variability of extracellular vesicle release during storage of red blood cell concentrates is associated with differential membrane alterations, including loss of cholesterol-enriched domains.

Transfusion of red blood cell concentrates is the most common medical procedure to treat anaemia. However, their storage is associated with development of storage lesions, including the release of extracellular vesicles. These vesicles affect viability and functionality of transfused red blood cells and appear responsible for adverse post-transfusional complications.

A Mildly Acidic Environment Alters Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Causes Remodeling of the Bacterial Surface.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile pathogen that resists environmental stress, such as suboptimal pH. As a result of exposure to environmental stress, P. aeruginosa shows an altered virulence-related phenotype.

The Antileishmanial Activity of Eugenol Associated with Lipid Storage Reduction Rather Than Membrane Properties Alterations.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that still infects thousands of people per year throughout the world. The occurrence of resistance against major treatments for this disease causes a healthcare burden in low-income countries. Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid that has shown in vitro antileishmanial activity against () promastigotes with an IC of 2.

Splenectomy improves erythrocyte functionality in spherocytosis based on septin abundance, but not maturation defects.

Splenectomy improves the clinical parameters of patients with hereditary spherocytosis, but its potential benefit to red blood cell (RBC) functionality and the mechanism behind this benefit remain largely overlooked. Here, we compared 7 nonsplenectomized and 13 splenectomized patients with mutations in the β-spectrin or the ankyrin gene. We showed that hematological parameters, spherocyte abundance, osmotic fragility, intracellular calcium, and extracellular vesicle release were largely but not completely restored by splenectomy, whereas cryohemolysis was not.

Contribution of Membrane Vesicle to Reprogramming of Bacterial Membrane Fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of resisting environmental insults by applying various strategies, including regulating membrane fluidity and producing membrane vesicles (MVs). This study examined the difference in membrane fluidity between planktonic and biofilm modes of growth in P. aeruginosa and whether the ability to alter membrane rigidity in P.

Two miRNAs enriched in plasma extracellular vesicles are potential biomarkers for thyroid cancer.

Differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer and benign nodules is still one of the most challenging issues in the field of endocrinology. To overcome overdiagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and the consecutive overtreatment of multinodular diseases, the search for easily accessible, sensitive and accurate biomarkers is critical. Several micro-RNAs (miRNAs) freely circulating in peripheral blood or enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers from non-invasive liquid biopsies.

BRAF Induction in Thyrocytes Triggers Important Changes in the miRNAs Content and the Populations of Extracellular Vesicles Released in Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy for which diagnosis and recurrences still challenge clinicians. New perspectives to overcome these issues could come from the study of extracellular vesicle (EV) populations and content. Here, we aimed to elucidate the heterogeneity of EVs circulating in the tumor and the changes in their microRNA content during cancer progression.

Impaired Cytoskeletal and Membrane Biophysical Properties of Acanthocytes in Hypobetalipoproteinemia - A Case Study.

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is a metabolic disorder mainly caused by mutations in the gene. In its homozygous form it can lead without treatment to severe ophthalmological and neurological manifestations. In contrast, the heterozygous form is generally asymptomatic but associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease.

Aberrant Membrane Composition and Biophysical Properties Impair Erythrocyte Morphology and Functionality in Elliptocytosis.

Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is altered in inherited RBC disorders but the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. Here, we explored the molecular, biophysical, morphological, and functional consequences of α-spectrin mutations in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis (pEl) almost exclusively expressing the Pro260 variant of SPTA1 and her mother (pElm), heterozygous for this mutation. At the molecular level, the pEI RBC proteome was globally preserved but spectrin density at cell edges was increased.

Interplay Between Plasma Membrane Lipid Alteration, Oxidative Stress and Calcium-Based Mechanism for Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis From Erythrocytes During Blood Storage.

The shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the red blood cell (RBC) surface is observed during senescence and RBC storage . Two main models for EV shedding, respectively based on calcium rise and oxidative stress, have been proposed in the literature but the role of the plasma membrane lipid composition and properties is not understood. Using blood in K/EDTA tubes stored for up to 4 weeks at 4°C as a relevant RBC vesiculation model, we showed here that the RBC plasma membrane lipid composition, organization in domains and biophysical properties were progressively modified during storage and contributed to the RBC vesiculation.

Accurate and live peroxisome biogenesis evaluation achieved by lentiviral expression of a green fluorescent protein fused to a peroxisome targeting signal 1.

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles formed by peroxisome biogenesis (PB). During PB, peroxisomal matrix proteins harboring a peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) are imported inside peroxisomes by peroxins, encoded by PEX genes. Genetic alterations in PEX genes lead to a spectrum of incurable diseases called Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD).

Protection of Cystinotic Mice by Kidney-Specific Megalin Ablation Supports an Endocytosis-Based Mechanism for Nephropathic Cystinosis Progression.

Background: Deletions or inactivating mutations of the cystinosin gene lead to cystine accumulation and crystals at acidic pH in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disease and the main cause of hereditary renal Fanconi syndrome. Early use of oral cysteamine to prevent cystine accumulation slows progression of nephropathic cystinosis but it is a demanding treatment and not a cure. The source of cystine accumulating in kidney proximal tubular cells and cystine's role in disease progression are unknown.

Clinical Protocol to Prevent Thrombogenic Effect of Liver-Derived Mesenchymal Cells for Cell-Based Therapies.

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell infusion is currently tested in numerous clinical trials. However, therapy-induced thrombotic consequences have been reported in several patients. The aim of this study was to optimize protocols for heterologous human adult liver-derived progenitor cell (HHALPC) infusion, in order to eliminate acute thrombogenesis in liver-based metabolic or acute decompensated cirrhotic (ADC) patients.

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus .

A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-pigmented bacterium, strain J115, was isolated from human faeces. Cells of strain J115 were straight rods, generally 1.8-3.

Antimicrobial activity of amphiphilic neamine derivatives: Understanding the mechanism of action on Gram-positive bacteria.

Amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivatives are potential new antimicrobial agents mostly developed to fight resistant bacteria. The mechanism of action of the 3',6-dinonyl neamine, one of the most promising derivative, has been investigated on Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa.

Butyricimonas faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus Butyricimonas.

A Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile, non-pigmented bacterial strain, designated H184, was isolated from human faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain H184 represents a member of the genus Butyricimonas. Strain H184 is related to but distinct from Butyricimonasvirosa JCM 15149 and Butyricimonasparavirosa JCM 18677, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.

Vps34/PI3KC3 deletion in kidney proximal tubules impairs apical trafficking and blocks autophagic flux, causing a Fanconi-like syndrome and renal insufficiency.

Kidney proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are highly specialized for ultrafiltrate reabsorption and serve as paradigm of apical epithelial differentiation. Vps34/PI3-kinase type III (PI3KC3) regulates endosomal dynamics, macroautophagy and lysosomal function. However, its in vivo role in PTCs has not been evaluated.

Effect of cardiolipin on the antimicrobial activity of a new amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivative on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivatives are promising new antibacterials active against Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including colistin resistant strains. In this study, we demonstrated that addition of cardiolipin to the culture medium delayed growth of P. aeruginosa, favored asymmetrical growth and enhanced the efficiency of a new amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivative, the 3',6-dinonylneamine.

Extracellular vesicles from endothelial progenitor cells promote thyroid follicle formation.

Organogenesis is a complex and dynamic process requiring reciprocal communication between different cell types. In the thyroid, thyrocyte progenitors secrete the angiocrine factor, VEGFA, to recruit endothelial cells. In return, endothelial cells promote thyrocyte organisation into spherical follicular structures, which are responsible for thyroid hormone synthesis and storage.

Targeting Bacterial Cardiolipin Enriched Microdomains: An Antimicrobial Strategy Used by Amphiphilic Aminoglycoside Antibiotics.

Some bacterial proteins involved in cell division and oxidative phosphorylation are tightly bound to cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is a non-bilayer anionic phospholipid found in bacterial inner membrane. It forms lipid microdomains located at the cell poles and division plane.

V-Maf Musculoaponeurotic Fibrosarcoma Oncogene Homolog A Synthetic Modified mRNA Drives Reprogramming of Human Pancreatic Duct-Derived Cells Into Insulin-Secreting Cells.

Unlabelled: : β-Cell replacement therapy represents the most promising approach to restore β-cell mass and glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. Safety and ethical issues associated with pluripotent stem cells stimulated the search for adult progenitor cells with endocrine differentiation capacities. We have already described a model for expansion and differentiation of human pancreatic duct-derived cells (HDDCs) into insulin-producing cells.

Tubular proteinuria in patients with HNF1α mutations: HNF1α drives endocytosis in the proximal tubule.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) is a transcription factor expressed in the liver, pancreas, and proximal tubule of the kidney. Mutations of HNF1α cause an autosomal dominant form of diabetes mellitus (MODY-HNF1A) and tubular dysfunction. To gain insights into the role of HNF1α in the proximal tubule, we analyzed Hnf1a-deficient mice.

Thyroid follicle development requires Smad1/5- and endothelial cell-dependent basement membrane assembly.

Thyroid follicles, the functional units of the thyroid gland, are delineated by a monolayer of thyrocytes resting on a continuous basement membrane. The developmental mechanisms of folliculogenesis, whereby follicles are formed by the reorganization of a non-structured mass of non-polarized epithelial cells, are largely unknown. Here we show that assembly of the epithelial basement membrane is crucial for folliculogenesis and is controlled by endothelial cell invasion and by BMP-Smad signaling in thyrocytes.