Publications by authors named "Patrick Van Beelen"

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the seeds of (L.) Maton when used as a sensory additive for all animal species. Characterisation of the essential oil identified 37 components accounting for > 99% of its composition, with terpineol acetate (> 35%) and 1,8-cineole (> 20%) being the most prevalent compounds.

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This guidance document is intended to assist the applicant in the preparation and the presentation of an application, as foreseen in Article 7.6 of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003, for the authorisation of additives used in animal nutrition. It specifically covers the assessment of the safety for the environment.

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Following a request from European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Robenz 66G (robenidine hydrochloride (HCl)) when used as a feed additive for chickens for fattening and turkeys for fattening. The coccidiostat Robenz 66G is considered safe for chickens for fattening at the highest proposed level of 36 mg robenidine HCl/kg complete feed with a margin of safety of approximately 2.5.

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Deccox, containing decoquinate as the active substance, is a feed additive intended to be used for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens for fattening at a dose range of 20-40 mg/kg complete feed. Decoquinate from Deccox is safe for chickens for fattening at the highest applied concentration in complete feed of 40 mg/kg. No practically relevant interactions with other additives or veterinary drugs exist except with bentonite.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Monteban G100 for ducks. Monteban G100, containing narasin, is intended for the prevention of coccidiosis in ducks for fattening at a dose range of 60-70 mg/kg of complete feed. Narasin from Monteban G100 is safe for ducks for fattening at a level of 70 mg/kg complete feed with a margin of safety of about 4.

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The feed additive Monteban G100, containing the active substance narasin, an ionophore anticoccidial, is intended to control coccidiosis in chickens for fattening at a dose of 60-70 mg/kg complete feed. Narasin is produced by fermentation. Limited data on the taxonomic identification of the production strain did not allow the proper identification of strain NRRL 8092 as .

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The coccidiostat Monimax (monensin sodium and nicarbazin) is considered safe for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying at the highest use level of 50 mg monensin and 50 mg nicarbazin/kg complete feed. This conclusion is extended to chickens reared for laying. For both active substances, the metabolic pathways in the chicken are similar to those in the turkey and rat.

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The feed additive Aviax 5%, containing the active substance semduramicin sodium, an ionophore anticoccidial, is intended to control coccidiosis in chickens for fattening at a dose of 20-25 mg/kg complete feed. Semduramicin sodium is present in Aviax 5% in its mycelial form and is produced by fermentation of spp. (ATCC 53664).

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The coccidiostat amprolium hydrochloride from COXAM is considered safe for chickens for fattening at 125 mg/kg complete feed. The margin of safety is at least 5. This conclusion is extended to chickens reared for laying.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of cumin tincture ( L.) when used as a sensory feed additive for all animal species. The product is a water ethanol ■■■■■ solution, which contains 0.

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The coccidiostat Coxar is safe for turkeys for fattening at the use level of 100 mg nicarbazin/kg complete feed, with a margin of safety of about 1.25. Nicarbazin, when ingested, is rapidly split in its two components 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) and dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), which behave independently.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril (diclazuril) for chickens reared for laying. Coxiril, containing 0.5% diclazuril, is intended for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens reared for laying at a dose range of 0.

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Sacox microGranulates, containing salinomycin sodium (SAL-Na), for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying have been recently re-evaluated by Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed. Following an urgent request from the European Commission, the safety and efficacy of the product when fed to rabbits for fattening was assessed based on the available data submitted by the applicant at the beginning of the assessment. SAL-Na is largely absorbed and metabolised.

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Sodium saccharin is intended to be used as a sweetener in feed and water for drinking for piglets, pigs for fattening and veal calves. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) considers the proposed maximum use level of 150 mg sodium saccharin/kg feed as safe for calves and pigs for fattening. For piglets (sucking and weaned piglets), a lower level of 100 mg sodium saccharin/kg complete feed is considered safe.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril for pheasants. Coxiril, containing 0.5% diclazuril, is intended for the prevention of coccidiosis in pheasants at a dose range of 1.

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The coccidiostat Monimax (monensin sodium and nicarbazin) is considered safe for turkeys for fattening at the highest use level of 50 mg monensin and 50 mg nicarbazin/kg complete feed. The simultaneous use of Monimax and certain antibiotic drugs (i.e.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on an essential oil from subsp. hirtum var Vulkan (DOS 00001) when used as a sensory feed additive for all animal species. Analysis of the oil identified 34 components accounting for > 99% of the oil, with carvacrol being the most prevalent (> 60%).

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Avatec 150G is an anticoccidial feed additive containing 15% of the active ingredient lasalocid A sodium, an ionophore anticoccidial. The tolerance study indicated that oral administration of lasalocid A sodium via feed at doses at and above the targeted lasalocid dose of 125 mg/kg was not tolerated in chickens for fattening. Consequently, no safe dose can be established by the tolerance study submitted.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of 22 compounds belonging to chemical group 24 (pyrazine derivatives). They are currently authorised as flavours in food. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that: 2,3-diethylpyrazine [14.

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of 18 compounds belonging to chemical group (CG) 22. They are currently authorised as flavours in food. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that: cinnamaldehyde [05.

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Salinomycin sodium (SAL-Na) is active against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while Gram-negative species are resistant. SAL-Na at the proposed concentration is unlikely to increase shedding of , and and or induce resistance and cross-resistance to antimicrobials important in human and animal therapy. SAL-Na is safe for chickens for fattening at 70 mg/kg complete feed, for chickens reared for laying at 50 mg/kg complete feed in the first 12 weeks of life.

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A simplified method is used to assess the microbial activity of subsoils and soils across a broad geographic scale. Acetate was selected because it is a major intermediate in catabolic biochemical pathways. In order to get minimal disturbance, only a small amount of tritium labelled acetate and water is added to the subsoil material.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) is a sensitive ecotoxicological test for detecting pollutant effects but may face limitations due to cotolerance among different antibiotics.
  • In experiments, cotolerance was mainly observed between antibiotics of the same group (oxytetracycline and tetracycline), suggesting that tolerance in soil reflects specific selective pressures rather than a broad pattern of multiple resistances.
  • The variation in PICT responses was found to be consistent over two years, indicating that PICT is a reliable method for studying the ecotoxicology of antibiotics in soil.
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When chemical analysis indicates metal pollution, a second-tier method is needed to evaluate whether toxic effects occur at the polluted sites. A method based on pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) was developed using samples taken from locations polluted with sewage more than 20 years ago. Microorganisms extracted from soil samples were exposed to a concentration range of zinc, nickel, copper, chromium (III), or chromium (VI) salts in a buffer suspension.

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Little is known about the environmental hazards linked to the treatment of farm animals with antibiotics and subsequent spreading of manure, especially regarding soil microbial communities. In this investigation, pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of bacteria from soils artificially spiked with the sulfonamide sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) was investigated. Tolerance of the bacterial communities after 3 weeks' exposure to SCP was determined by analyzing the sensitivity of 31 microbial metabolic processes in microtiter plates.

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