Publications by authors named "Patrick Saunders"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to measure the impact of plate shape (curvilinear vs. linear) on deltoid muscle disruption during surgery for proximal humeral fractures.
  • Using cadaveric shoulders, researchers tested 4 different plate types and found that the curvilinear plate required significantly less deltoid release compared to the linear plates.
  • Results showed a clear correlation between plate length and the level of deltoid disruption, indicating that both plate shape and length play a role in minimizing muscle damage during surgical procedures.
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Background: The deltoid is a trisegmented muscle with anterior, middle, and posterior components. While the clinical relevance of the presence of anatomic variations of the deltoid origin and insertion continues to be debated, the architecture of the deltoid muscle is more complex than initially believed. This study aimed to evaluate the gross anatomy of the deltoid muscle insertion by qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the insertion and location of the deltoid muscle's anterior, middle, and posterior components.

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Background: The ways in which researchers may need to adapt traditional community-based participatory research engagement strategies during ongoing community trauma are understudied. We describe our efforts to engage the Flint, Michigan community in community-based participatory research in the aftermath of the Flint Water Crisis.

Objectives: This manuscript describes 1) recruitment strategies selected before the Flint Water Crisis, 2) engagement lessons learned in the context of the Flint Water Crisis, and 3) barriers and facilitators encountered while engaging African American churches.

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) are two groups of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) where the rod photoreceptors degenerate followed by the cone photoreceptors of the retina. A genetic diagnosis for IRDs is challenging since >280 genes are associated with these conditions. While whole exome sequencing (WES) is commonly used by diagnostic facilities, the costs and required infrastructure prevent its global applicability.

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Macular degenerations (MDs) are a subgroup of retinal disorders characterized by central vision loss. Knowledge is still lacking on the extent of genetic and nongenetic factors influencing inherited MD (iMD) and age-related MD (AMD) expression. Single molecule Molecular Inversion Probes (smMIPs) have proven effective in sequencing the ABCA4 gene in patients with Stargardt disease to identify associated coding and noncoding variation, however many MD patients still remain genetically unexplained.

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Purpose: In a prior biomechanical study using a tuberosity-based proximal humeral locking plate (TBP) an improvement in greater tuberosity (GT) fixation strength with the TBP compared to a standard proximal humeral locking plate (PHLP) was demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to compare the TBP to the PHLP with a simulated calcar gap fracture under cyclic varus cantilever forces.

Methods: Seven matched pairs of cadaveric humeri were studied and 11A2.

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Aims: The aims of this network meta-analysis (NMA) were to examine nonunion rates and functional outcomes following various operative and nonoperative treatments for displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures.

Methods: Initial search strategy incorporated MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four treatment arms were created: nonoperative (NO); intramedullary nailing (IMN); reconstruction plating (RP); and compression/pre-contoured plating (CP).

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Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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The contemporary environment is a complex of interactions between physical, biological and socioeconomic systems with major impacts on public health. It is well understood that deprived communities are more exposed to negative environmental and social factors, more susceptible to the effects of those exposures, more excluded from access to positive factors, less able to change their circumstances and consequently experience worse health, economic and social outcomes compared to the more affluent. Welsh House Farm estate in Birmingham is one of the most deprived areas in Europe.

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Background: Illegal high interest lending or 'loan sharking' exploits the vulnerable and has profound negative impacts on individuals and communities. The 2008 UK financial crash and subsequent austerity programme coupled with changes in the consumer credit market have fuelled an increase in predatory lending.

Methods: The study is a descriptive analysis of demographic, financial, health and behavioural data on 753 victims (2011-2017).

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Background: Systematic continuous thinking about the future helps organizations, professions and communities to both prepare for, and shape, the future. This becomes ever more critical given the accelerating rate at which new data emerge, and in some cases uncertainties around their reliability and interpretation. Businesses with the capability to filter and analyse vast volumes of data to create knowledge and insights requiring action have a competitive advantage.

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This study assesses the levels of fats, including trans-fatty acids, and salt in common takeaway fast foods in a deprived urban municipality in the West Midlands, England, and implications in the context of the spatial distribution of fast food takeaways. The results of the compositional analysis of over 250 take-out foods were compared with established and derived standards. About 70% of products exceeded the recommendation that a meal should contain less than 30% of a Guideline Daily Amount (GDA).

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Whole organ decellularization of complex organs, such as lungs, presents a unique opportunity for use of acellular scaffolds for tissue engineering or for studying cell-extracellular matrix interactions . A growing body of literature investigating decellularizing and recellularizing rodent lungs has provided important proof of concept models and rodent lungs are readily available for high throughput studies. In contrast, comparable progress in large animal and human lungs has been impeded owing to more limited availability and difficulties in handling larger tissue.

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Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is the prototype for ethnic-based carrier screening, with a carrier rate of ∼1/27 in Ashkenazi Jews and French Canadians. HexA enzyme analysis is the current gold standard for TSD carrier screening (detection rate ∼98%), but has technical limitations. We compared DNA analysis by next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) plus an assay for the 7.

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Purpose: Carrier screening for recessive Mendelian disorders traditionally employs focused genotyping to interrogate limited sets of mutations most prevalent in specific ethnic groups. We sought to develop a next-generation DNA sequencing-based workflow to enable analysis of a more comprehensive set of disease-causing mutations.

Methods: We utilized molecular inversion probes to capture the protein-coding regions of 15 genes from genomic DNA isolated from whole blood and sequenced those regions using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina, San Diego, CA).

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Background: This is an ecological study that examines the relationship between antiviral drug collection during the 2009/2010 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic, and area-level ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and distance from an antiviral collection point (ACP).

Methods: Age-standardized antiviral collection rates (ACR) were calculated for each super output area (geographic areas representing a population of ∼1500) in Sandwell, UK for all residents who received an antiviral drug for influenza-like illness between 23 July 2009 and 7 February 2010. Multivariable regression was used to examine the relationship between ACR and ethnicity (percentage population non-white), socioeconomic deprivation (index of multiple deprivation, IMD) and distance from an ACP.

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An effective environmental public health tracking system integrates data and intelligence on environmental hazards, exposures, and health outcomes to focus interventions on reducing the impact of environmental contamination on public health. Most work in this area in the UK has focused on assessing data on hazards that are relatively easy to obtain. However, most hazards will present no actual risk and information on exposure is required to make an effective risk assessment.

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