Normal Diameters of Extraocular Muscles: A Nigerian Retrospective Study.

Background: The thickness of extraocular muscles (EOMs) is important in the management of several conditions associated with EOM enlargement. This study determined the normative values of EOM diameters in adult patients seen at a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: The study measured the thickness of the EOMs and the interzygomatic line (IZL) on brain images of 300 patients with non-orbital conditions (150 computed tomography [CT] and 150 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) archived in the radiological database of Delta State University Hospital, Nigeria, after ethical clearance.

Normal diameter of the optic nerve using magnetic resonance imaging: A retrospective Nigerian study.

Purpose: The variations in the diameter of the optic nerve (ON) are important clinically in the diagnosis of conditions associated with the ON such as raised intracranial pressure, meningioma, optic neuritis, and Grave's orbitopathy. This study determined the normal diameters of the ON in adult Nigerians seen in a Hospital in Delta State.

Methods: Axial T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging images of 150 patients (75 males and 75 females) aged ≥20 years were retrieved from the hospital's radiological database and retrospectively used to evaluate the diameter of the ON on axial and coronal sections.

Variations of the Nasal Septum in Adult Nigerians: Computed Tomography Study.

 The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries.  The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians.  The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval.

Pneumatization Patterns of the Sphenoid Sinus in Adult Nigerians and Their Clinical Implications.

Background: The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical implications due to their associated inconsistent neurovascular relations. This study aimed at evaluating the pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria after obtaining institutional ethical approval.

Variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Background: With the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery, the variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus are important to surgeons to minimise the iatrogenic complications. This study elucidates the variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital after institutional approval.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Mental Health of Delta State University students, Nigeria.

Background And Aim Of The Work: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a substantial psychological burden among students. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 on the mental health of university students and determining the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized an online questionnaire sent to students in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University after ethical approval.

Landolphia owariensis Attenuates Alcohol-induced Cerebellar Neurodegeneration: Significance of Neurofilament Protein Alteration in the Purkinje Cells.

Background: Alcohol-induced cerebellar neurodegeneration is a neuroadaptation that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Conventional drugs have been largely unsatisfactory in preventing neurodegeneration. Yet, multimodal neuro-protective therapeutic agents have been hypothesised to have high therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS conditions; there is yet a dilemma of how this would be achieved.

Histological effects of chronic administration of efavirenz on lateral geniculate body of adult Wistar rats.

Background: The effects of chronic administration of efavirenz commonly used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type-1 on the weight of the brain and inferior colliculus of adult Wistar rats was carefully studied.

Methods And Materials: The rats of both sexes (n = 24), with average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into two treatment (A & B) (n=16) and Control (c) (n=8) groups. The rats in the treatment group received 600mg/70kg bogy weight of efavirenz dissolved in distilled water daily for 30days through the orogastric tube.

Arch index as a predictor of pes planus: a comparative study of indigenous Kenyans and Tanzanians.

We determined the arch index of able-bodied indigenous Kenyan and Tanzanian individuals free of foot pain by using their dynamic footprints to classify the foot arch type and determine the prevalence of pes planus according to a previously described method. Males had a significantly higher arch index than females in both groups, and the prevalence of pes planus in Kenyans was 432 per 1,000 population, the highest ever documented and twice as high as that in Tanzanians (203 per 1,000 population). The arch index is useful in determining the prevalence of pes planus and possibly predicting pathologic foot conditions, and it may serve as an early warning sign of structural and functional defects of the foot in a given population.

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic features of hypertensive and diabetic Malawian patients.

We determined the palmar and digital dermatoglyphic features of 165 black Malawian patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, aged 25-66 years attending the medical outpatient clinics at Lilongwe and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospitals by analyzing their total finger ridge count (TFRC), pattern intensity index (PII), atd angle and a-b ridge counts and compared these parameters with those of healthy controls previously studied, matched for age and sex. Differences were observed only in digital ridge patterns: whorls were absent in hypertensive patients and in men with diabetes and hypertension; and there was a significant rise in percentage frequency of ulnar loops (P < 0.001) in women with hypertension.

Determination of sex and race from the subpubic angle in Ugandan subjects.

The accurate determination of sex and race are important tools to forensic and physical anthropologists. In this study, the sex and race of 205 adult Ugandans were determined from the antero-posterior radiographs of the pelvis by measuring their subpubic angles. The angle ranged from 50 to 140 degrees with a mean of 93.

The femoral collodiaphyseal angle in Malawian adults.

We used unilateral anteroposterior radiographs to measure the collodiaphyseal angle of the hip in 368 Malawian adults--222 men and 146 women 18 to 76 years old. The angle ranged from 105 degrees to 144 degrees (mean, 121.09 degrees; SD, 7.