Perception of Residency Program Diversity Is Associated With Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Trainees.

Introduction: Stereotype threat (ST) is a psychological phenomenon in which perceived fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's identity group leads to impaired performance. Gender and racial ST has been described in various academic settings. However, it is prevalence in orthopaedic surgery, where women and minorities are underrepresented, has not been examined.

Efficacy of the CARES® Dementia 5-Step Method for Hospitals™ Online Training and Certification Program for hospital staff.

The main objective of the current study was to ascertain the efficacy of a newly developed online, video-based dementia training and certification program for hospital staff, the CARES® Dementia 5-Step Method for Hospitals™ Online Training and Certification Program. A parallel randomized waitlist control design was utilized. Participants (N = 272) completed online pre-evaluation measures.

Perceived Work Demands and Emergency Department Crowding as Predictors of Objective Stress Among Emergency Physicians: A Shift-Level Approach.

Objective: To understand shift-level determinants of emergency physician (EP) burnout, relationships were tested between EP shift demands, stress, and fatigue.

Method: EP ( n = 16) were assessed over 114 shifts that occurred before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Salivary cortisol (an indicator of stress) and self-reported fatigue were collected prior to and following each shift.

Quantifying accuracy on distance estimation tasks: A Monte Carlo study.

An important aspect of perceptual learning involves understanding how well individuals can perceive distances, sizes, and time-to-contact. Oftentimes, the primary goal in these experiments is to assess participants' errors (i.e.

Can scuba diving transform the lives of people with physical impairments? A mixed methods study.

Purpose: This study aimed to: (1) test and explain the type of experience scuba diving is among people with physical impairments based on the experience-type framework; (2) assess and describe their personality based on the Big Five domains; and (3) identify if personality, years diving, and diving level predict experience-type.

Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed. The quantitative phase used a cross-sectional survey ( = 103).

Diving into Health: A Mixed Methods Study on the Impact of Scuba Diving in People with Physical Impairments.

The impacts of scuba diving on people with physical impairments are unknown. Grounded on the social identity approach to health, the aim of this study was to test and describe the relationships between scuba diving social identity, self-efficacy, social health, psychological health, physical health, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and disability level among recreational scuba divers with physical impairments. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was employed.

Operating room design using agent-based simulation to reduce room obstructions.

This study seeks to improve the safety of clinical care provided in operating rooms (OR) by examining how characteristics of both the physical environment and the procedure affect surgical team movement and contacts. We video recorded staff movements during a set of surgical procedures. Then we divided the OR into multiple zones and analyzed the frequency and duration of movement from origin to destination through zones.

Factors Contributing to Adolescents' and Young Adults' Participation in Web-Based Challenges: Survey Study.

Background: Web-based challenges, phenomena that are familiar to adolescents and young adults who spend large amounts of time on social media, range from minimally harmful behaviors intended to support philanthropic endeavors to significantly harmful behaviors that may culminate in injury or death.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the beliefs that lead adolescents and young adults to participate in these activities by analyzing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ice bucket challenge, representing nonharmful behaviors associated with web-based challenges, and the cinnamon challenge, representing web-based challenges that lead to harmful behaviors.

Methods: A retrospective quantitative study was conducted with a total of 471 participants aged between 13 and 35 years who either had participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or the cinnamon challenge, or had never participated in any web-based challenge.

Job Demands and Resources among Healthcare Professionals during Virus Pandemics: A Review and Examination of Fluctuations in Mental Health Strain during COVID-19.

The present article examines how job demands and resources are related to indices of strain among healthcare professionals during virus pandemics. The article also presents the results of a study examining the relationships between COVID-19 demands (e.g.

Savouring as a moderator of the combat exposure-mental health symptoms relationship.

Engaging in firefights or witnessing death and other types of combat experiences are occupational hazards associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression in military personnel returning from combat deployments. The present study examined savouring beliefs as a moderator of the relationship between combat exposure and mental health symptoms among U.S.

Interactive Tools for Measuring Visual Scanning Performance and Reaction Time.

Occupational therapists are constantly searching for engaging, high-technology interactive tasks that provide immediate feedback to evaluate and train clients with visual scanning deficits. This study examined the relationship between two tools: the VISION COACH™ interactive light board and the Functional Object Detection (FOD) Advanced driving simulator scenario. Fifty-four healthy drivers, ages 21-66 yr, were divided into three age groups.

Observers' Judgments of the Effects of Glare on Their Visual Acuity for High and Low Contrast Stimuli.

Disability glare refers to a reduction in the ability to discern a stimulus that is positioned near another stimulus that has a much higher luminance. While it is common for drivers to report that they have been "blinded" by oncoming headlights, it is unclear whether observers can accurately judge when they are visually disabled by glare. This experiment sought to quantify the accuracy with which observers can judge when a glare source reduces their visual acuity.

Drivers' judgments of the effect of headlight glare on their ability to see pedestrians at night.

Introduction: Several studies have concluded that pedestrians typically overestimate their own conspicuity to approaching drivers at night. The present experiments extended this research by exploring the accuracy of drivers' judgments of pedestrian conspicuity while facing varying degrees of headlight glare.

Method: In Experiment 1, participants on an open road estimated their ability to see a roadside pedestrian in each of two clothing configurations and with each of three different glare intensities present.

An Exploration of the Nightstand and Over-the-Bed Table in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital.

Objective: This study seeks to determine where patients in a rehabilitation hospital keep the greatest percentage of their belongings, that is, in/on the nightstand or on the over-the-bed table.

Background: This study provides an inventory of patient items located on the over-the-bed table and in/on the nightstand. Understanding the functions of furnishings within the patient room is key for future preparation for designing a next-generation over-the-bed table or for redesigning a more useful nightstand.

The reliability of a VISION COACH task as a measure of psychomotor skills.

The VISION COACH™ interactive light board is designed to test and enhance participants' psychomotor skills. The primary goal of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the Full Field 120 VISION COACH task. One hundred eleven male and 131 female adult participants completed six trials where they responded to 120 randomly distributed lights displayed on the VISION COACH interactive light board.

Evaluation of four steering wheels to determine driver hand placement in a static environment.

While much research exists on occupant packaging both proprietary and in the literature, more detailed research regarding user preferences for subjective ratings of steering wheel designs is sparse in published literature. This study aimed to explore the driver interactions with production steering wheels in four vehicles by using anthropometric data, driver hand placement, and driver grip design preferences for Generation-Y and Baby Boomers. In this study, participants selected their preferred grip diameter, responded to a series of questions about the steering wheel grip as they sat in four vehicles, and rank ordered their preferred grip design.

Managing heteroscedasticity in general linear models.

Heteroscedasticity refers to a phenomenon where data violate a statistical assumption. This assumption is known as homoscedasticity. When the homoscedasticity assumption is violated, this can lead to increased Type I error rates or decreased statistical power.

Developing a driving simulator based functional object detection task.

The purpose of this study was to validate a driving simulator-based tool for assessing functional visual scanning while driving (Goodenough, 2010) by replicating a previous study and assessing whether the results of the task are moderated by strategic decisions regarding task prioritization. Participants completed a functional object detection task that includes a peripheral target detection task and a central braking response task. Results indicated that the simulator task can identify differences in older and younger participants' abilities to functionally scan the driving environment and these differences appear unaffected by prioritizing either the scanning or braking task.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a measure of cognitive workload.

The current standard for measuring cognitive workload is the NASA Task-load Index (TLX) questionnaire. Although this measure has a high degree of reliability, diagnosticity, and sensitivity, a reliable physiological measure of cognitive workload could provide a non-invasive, objective measure of workload that could be tracked in real or near real-time without interrupting the task. This study investigated changes in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during seven different sub-sections of a proposed selection test for Navy aviation and compared them to changes reported on the NASA-TLX.