The influence of posterior acromial morphology on outcomes and return to pushups in young patients undergoing arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair.

Background: Prior evidence has identified specific posterior acromial morphology as significantly associated with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of posterior acromial morphology on the outcomes of arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair (APCLR) for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. Additionally, we sought to determine the influence of posterior acromial morphology on the rate and time to return to pushups following APCLR.

Heart rate and autonomic biomarkers distinguish convulsive epileptic vs. functional or dissociative seizures.

Objective: 20-40% of individuals whose seizures are not controlled by anti-seizure medications exhibit manifestations comparable to epileptic seizures (ES), but there are no EEG correlates. These events are called functional or dissociative seizures (FDS). Due to limited access to EEG-monitoring and inconclusive results, we aimed to develop an alternative diagnostic tool that distinguishes ES vs.

Arthroscopic Removal of Extra-Articular Foreign Bodies From the Shoulder: Inside-Out Technique.

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery can be performed for retrieval of bullets and retained metallic fragments in the glenohumeral and subacromial spaces. Previous case reports and case series have demonstrated the effectiveness of an arthroscopic approach over an open procedure, as it is less invasive, allows for improved inspection and documentation of the joint surfaces and periarticular structures, and potentially leads to a faster recovery. An arthroscopic approach for extracting foreign bodies from both the quadrilateral space and the posterior extra-articular space by first accessing the glenohumeral space has yet to be described.

An Atypical Presentation of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 1987 classification for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) focuses on four main clinical findings without emphasizing biomarker serology. On the other hand, the updated ACR/EULAR 2010 classification relies more on acute-phase reactants and biomarker serology. While a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and positive anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) are specific for RA, at least 15%-25% of patients are seronegative.

Mobile Phone Administration of Hip-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments Correlates Highly With In-office Administration.

Introduction: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments typically are delivered via paper or computer; we validated administration of hip-specific instruments over a mobile phone software communication platform outside a clinical encounter.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 69) presenting to a hip preservation clinic completed the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Short Form physical function and pain subscales (HOOS-PS and HOOS-PAIN) using standard collection techniques. The subsequent day, patients completed these instruments via a text messaging software program.

Hip Arthroscopy: A Social Media Analysis of Patient Perception.

Background: The rate of hip arthroscopy has increased significantly in recent years, although understanding of patient perception remains limited.

Purpose: To analyze posts shared on Instagram and Twitter referencing hip arthroscopy to evaluate perspective, tone, timing, content, visibility, and location.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Lower self-report fatigue in multiple sclerosis is associated with localized white matter tract disruption between amygdala, temporal pole, insula, and other connected structures.

Background: Fatigue, a frequent and disabling symptom for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), inconsistently correlates with white matter (WM) pathology. Network-based analysis, accounting for the manner in which lesions disrupt networks of structurally connected gray matter (GM) regions, may provide additional insight.

Objective: To identify patterns of WM tract disruption which explain self-reported fatigue severity in PwMS.

Elucidating the Catalytic Power of Glutamate Racemase by Investigating a Series of Covalent Inhibitors.

The application of covalent inhibitors has experienced a renaissance within drug discovery programs in the last decade. To leverage the superior potency and drug target residence time of covalent inhibitors, there have been extensive efforts to develop highly specific covalent modifications to decrease off-target liabilities. Herein, we present a series of covalent inhibitors of an antimicrobial drug target, glutamate racemase, discovered through structure-based virtual screening.

Presentation and care of a family with Huntington disease in a resource-limited community.

Background: In high-income countries patients with Huntington disease (HD) typically present to healthcare providers after developing involuntary movements, or for pre-symptomatic genetic testing if at familial risk. A positive family history is a major guide when considering the decision to perform genetic testing for HD, both in affected and unaffected patients. Management of HD is focused upon control of symptoms, whether motor, cognitive, or psychiatric.

Treatment of iatrogenic V2 segment vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm using Pipeline flow-diverting stent.

Background: Iatrogenic injury to the vertebral artery is a rare but potential complication of cervical spine surgery. Previous authors have commented on the use of flow-diverting stents for treatment of aneurysms of the V3 segment of the vertebral artery.

Case Description: Here, we report a case in which injury occurred at the V2 segment of the vertebral artery with the development of a pseudoaneurysm, which was found on angiography.

Polymyalgia rheumatica: 125 years of epidemiological progress?

Objectives: On the 125th anniversary of the first recognised publication on polymyalgia rheumatica, a review of the literature was undertaken to assess what progress has been made from the point of view of the epidemiology of this disease and whether such studies have advanced our knowledge of its aetiopathogenesis and management.

Methods: The authors searched Medline and PubMed using the search terms 'polymyalgia rheumatica', 'giant cell arteritis' and 'temporal arteritis'. As much as possible, efforts were made to focus on studies where polymyalgia and giant cell arteritis were treated as separate entities.

Polymyalgia rheumatica: 125 years of progress?

Objectives: On the 125th anniversary of the first recognised publication on polymyalgia rheumatica, a review of the literature was undertaken to assess what progress has been made from the point of view of the clinical care of affected patients.

Methods: The authors searched Medline and PubMed using the search terms 'polymyalgia rheumatica', 'giant cell arteritis' and 'temporal arteritis'. As much as possible, efforts were made to focus on studies where polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis were treated as separate entities.

The Intergenerational Transmission of Generosity.

This paper estimates the correlation between the generosity of parents and the generosity of their adult children using regression models of adult children's charitable giving. New charitable giving data are collected in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and used to estimate the regression models. The regression models are estimated using a wide variety of techniques and specification tests, and the strength of the intergenerational giving correlations are compared with intergenerational correlations in income, wealth, and consumption expenditure from the same sample using the same set of controls.

Tetraurea calix[4]arenes with sulfur functions: synthesis, dimerization to capsules, and self-assembly on gold.

Various calix[4]arene derivatives, fixed in the cone conformation by decylether groups and functionalized at their wide rim by urea residues, were synthesized. In two compounds (,) sulfur functions were attached to the urea groups via different spacers in order to allow binding to metal surfaces. While they exist as single molecules in polar solvents, tetraurea calix[4]arenes of this type () combine to form dimeric capsules in aprotic, apolar solvents.

Tumor transcriptome reveals the predictive and prognostic impact of lysosomal protease inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Insight into clinical response to platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Matched tumor and nontumor lung tissues from PBC-treated NSCLC patients (four nonresponders and four responders) and tumor tissue from an independent test set (four nonresponders and four responders), were profiled using microarrays. Lysosomal protease inhibitors SerpinB3 and cystatin C were highly correlated with clinical response and were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry in PBC-treated patients (36 prechemotherapy and 13 postchemotherapy).

Profiling cytochrome P450 expression in ovarian cancer: identification of prognostic markers.

Purpose: The cytochromes P450 are a multigene family of enzymes with a central role in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics, including anticancer drugs and biologically active endogenous compounds. The purpose of this study was to define the cytochrome P450 profile of ovarian cancer and identify novel therapeutic targets and establish the prognostic significance of expression of individual cytochrome P450s in this type of cancer.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry for a panel of 23 cytochrome P450s and cytochrome P450 reductase was done on an ovarian cancer tissue microarray consisting of 99 primary epithelial ovarian cancers, 22 peritoneal metastasis, and 13 normal ovarian samples.

Laser capture microdissection and PCR for analysis of human papilloma virus infection.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is considered one of the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. However, the cellular location of HPV in this type of tumor is controversial. We have developed a method to determine the presence of HPV type 16 in endocervical cancer cells using laser capture microdissection followed by DNA extraction and qualitative polymerase chain reaction.

Multiplex quantitative real-time PCR of laser microdissected tissue.

This chapter describes a method for the rapid assessment of gene copy number in laser microdissected material using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here a putative oncogene (ZNF217) was evaluated in a series of colon tumors, but the method is applicable to any locus for which a nucleic acid sequence is available. The preparation, laser microdissection, and optimum storage of snap-frozen tumor material from freshly resected tissue is described.

Cytochrome p450 profile of colorectal cancer: identification of markers of prognosis.

Purpose: The cytochromes P450 (P450) are a multigene family of enzymes with a central role in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics, including anticancer drugs, carcinogens, and endogenous compounds. The purpose of this study was to define the P450 profile of colorectal cancer and establish the prognostic significance of expression of individual P450s in colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry for a panel of 23 P450s was done on a colorectal cancer tissue microarray consisting of 264 primary colorectal cancers, 91 lymph node metastasis, and 10 normal colorectal samples.

Mortalin is over-expressed by colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poor survival.

Using comparative proteomic analysis we have identified over-expression of mortalin in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Mortalin, also known as mitochondrial heat-shock protein 70 (mhsp 70), is involved in cell cycle regulation with important roles in cellular senescence and immortalization pathways. It is known to bind to and inactivate wild-type tumour suppressor protein p53 and influences the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway.

The candidate oncogene ZNF217 is frequently amplified in colon cancer.

In this study we have defined the changes in gene copy number of the candidate oncogene ZNF217 during colon cancer development and progression. This gene is mapped to chromosome 20q and lies within 20q13.2, a region which we have previously shown to be highly amplified in colorectal cancer by comparative genomic hybridization.

Quantitative analysis of the Ah receptor/cytochrome P450 CYP1B1/CYP1A1 signalling pathway.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolising enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are regulated through the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA and protein has previously been reported in human tissues with the presence of the message often extrapolated to indicate the presence of protein. The aim of this study was to clarify these potentially misleading findings, by analysing components of the Ah receptor pathway (CYP1B1, CYP1A1, Ah receptor and ARNT) using a combination of quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting.

CYP3A4 promoter variant is associated with prostate cancer risk in men with benign prostate hyperplasia.

Prostate cancer (PRCa) is one of the most common causes of cancer death in men and determinants of PRCa risk remain largely unidentified. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is found in the majority of ageing men and has been linked with PRCa. CYP3A4 may influence PRCa through its role in testosterone metabolism.