Advancing Equity in Academic Medicine Through Holistic Review for Faculty Recruitment and Retention.

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) in 2007 developed the Holistic Review Framework for medical school admissions to increase mission-aligned student diversity. This approach balances an applicant's experiences, attributes, and metrics during the screening, interview, and selection processes. Faculty recruitment provides its own set of challenges, and there is persistent underrepresentation of certain racial and ethnic minority groups and women in faculty and leadership positions in U.

The Behavioral and Social Sciences: Contributions and Opportunities in Academic Medicine.

The Association of American Medical Colleges plays a leading role in supporting the expansion and evolution of academic medicine and medical science in North America, which are undergoing high-velocity change. Behavioral and social science concepts have great practical value when applied to the leadership practices and administrative structures that guide and support the rapid evolution of academic medicine and medical sciences. The authors are two behavioral and social science professionals who serve as academic administrators in academic medical centers.

Leadership in Academic Health Centers: Transactional and Transformational Leadership.

Leadership is a crucial component to the success of academic health science centers (AHCs) within the shifting U.S. healthcare environment.

Make the context work for you: faculty in a changing academic medicine landscape.

Academic medicine's landscape is dynamically adjusting. The changes are accelerating and these alterations are impacting both the faculty workforce as a whole and individual faculty members. This article reviews workforce and institutional changes within academic medicine and supports the need for faculty members to adapt to this changing landscape.

A survey of tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of primary care providers in Mississippi.

Rationale: Relative to other regions in the USA, Mississippi has a high prevalence of tobacco use and tobacco-related disease. This study assessed the tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and intervention behaviours of family doctors, dentists and nurse practitioners in the state of Mississippi.

Methods: The Provider Attitude Survey, an 85-item measure of tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and intervention behaviours was mailed to all members of Mississippi's Family Medicine, Dentistry and Nurse Practitioner professional organizations (N=2043).

Wellness and Impairment Content in Schools of Medicine Curricula in the United States and Canada.

Medical students experience numerous stressors, ranging from academic demands to financial strain. These stressors contribute to medical students having a substantial incidence of psychological problems, substance abuse, and seeking of mental health treatment. Left untreated, these problems can result in dysfunctional habit development and subsequent professional impairment.

Pretreatment cue reactivity predicts end-of-treatment smoking.

Although a substantial body of literature has established a relationship between cue reactivity and theoretically relevant addiction variables, the association with treatment process variables remains largely unexplored. In the current investigation, 62 smokers participated in a smoking cue reactivity study, and subsequently enrolled in a smoking cessation program. Hierarchical regressions revealed mean heart rate during the cue presentation phase of the laboratory-based assessment predicted final session smoking rate and expired CO level.

Clinical inquiries. What interventions can help patients stop using chewing tobacco?

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), including gum and patches, decreases cravings and short-term abstinence rates, but does not improve long-term abstinence (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analysis of small randomized controlled studies [RCT]). It is unclear if bupropion has an effect on cessation rates (SOR: B, small RCTs with conflicting results). Behavioral interventions increase abstinence rates for smokeless tobacco users (SOR: B, meta-analysis of small RCTs).

Race disparities in psychiatric rates in emergency departments.

Psychiatric diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases--Ninth Revision were examined in the medical discharge records of 33,000 emergency department (ED) patients to determine if (a) psychiatric disorders were underdiagnosed, (b) there were race and gender disparities in psychiatric rates, and (c) psychiatric rates varied as a function of type of injury (e.g., self vs.

Smoking cessation research in primary care treatment centers: the SCRIPT-MS project.

Despite wide distribution of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, the provision of treatment for tobacco use has been weak. The primary care setting is an ideal environment in which to implement the tobacco clinical practice guideline. It has been suggested that implementation of the guideline may be enhanced by adapting guideline recommendations into a stepped-care plus treatment-matching model; however, this model has yet to be tested.

First-line pharmacotherapy for tobacco use and dependence.

First-line pharmacotherapies for tobacco use and dependence (namely, nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and sustained-release bupropion) are safe and have been empirically determined to be efficacious and should always be considered part of a tobacco treatment intervention program unless contraindicated. Studies published subsequent to the literature synthesized in TTUD support previously determined efficacy of first-line pharmacologic medications for treatment of tobacco use and dependence. Further studies will be necessary to define clearly the efficacy and relative safety of combination treatments.